【正文】 最大支承力為連接板需要的焊縫長度為==實(shí)際（足夠）主、端梁的連接焊縫足夠承受連接的水平彎矩和剪切力，不再計(jì)算第11章 橋架拱度計(jì)算橋架跨度中央的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)拱度值（A8）為：考慮制造因素，實(shí)取，跨度中央兩邊按拋物曲線設(shè)置拱度，如圖11—1所示：距跨中的點(diǎn)距跨中的點(diǎn)距跨中的點(diǎn)至此，橋架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)全部合格。圖11—1 橋架的拱度總 結(jié)通過近3個(gè)月的設(shè)計(jì)，使我對(duì)橋式起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟、內(nèi)容和方法有了深入的了解，同時(shí)鞏固了已學(xué)的金屬結(jié)構(gòu)，起重機(jī)械及相關(guān)知識(shí)，為以后的工作學(xué)習(xí)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。本次設(shè)計(jì)是80/30T 28m通用橋式起重機(jī)（）設(shè)計(jì)。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中遇到了許多問題，如強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算和疲勞驗(yàn)算以誰為主，連接板的焊接應(yīng)力等等。經(jīng)過老師的指導(dǎo)使我明白了在高工作級(jí)別（、）的起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)中，要以疲勞強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算為主，這就為以后工作、科研積累了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 太原科技大學(xué)機(jī)械學(xué)院起機(jī)教研室,起重機(jī)械（內(nèi)部講義）[M],2010[2] 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范（GB381183）[S][3] 張質(zhì)文等,起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)[M],中國鐵道出版社，1997[4] 中國有色工程設(shè)計(jì)研究總院，機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)[M], 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2010[5] 陳道南，盛漢中，起重機(jī)械課程設(shè)計(jì)[M], 冶金工業(yè)出版社,1993[6] 徐格寧，機(jī)械裝備金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)[M],機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2009[7] 國家機(jī)械工業(yè)委員會(huì)西安重型機(jī)械研究所，重型機(jī)械標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[S]，國家機(jī)械工業(yè)委員會(huì)重型機(jī)械局，1987[8] 濮良貴，紀(jì)名剛,機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第七版) [M],高等教育出版社, 2001[9] 楊長揆, 傅東明,起重機(jī)械(第二版) [M],機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1985[10] 唐增寶, 何永然，劉安俊,機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)（第二版）[M],華中科技大學(xué)出版社, 1999[11] 倪慶興,起重輸送機(jī)械圖冊(cè)（上冊(cè)）[M]，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1992[12] 須雷,起重機(jī)的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法[J]. 起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械，1996(8)：3～8.[13] 趙磊,1200/125t橋式起重機(jī)的主起升機(jī)構(gòu)[J]. 起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械，2003(10): 37～39.[14] 須雷. 現(xiàn)代起重機(jī)的特征和發(fā)展趨向[J]. 起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械，1997(10)：3～7.[15] 邱棟良. 國內(nèi)外起重機(jī)發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)[J].起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械，1997(8)：3～5.致謝通過三個(gè)多月的時(shí)間，結(jié)合大學(xué)四年所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí)，同時(shí)查閱了大量起重機(jī)專業(yè)的相關(guān)資料，以及起機(jī)教研室各位老師的幫助指導(dǎo)，使我對(duì)起重機(jī)械的設(shè)計(jì)有了新的較系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)。在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)即將完成之際，衷心的向幫助過我，鼓勵(lì)過我的老師和同學(xué)們表示感謝。首先，要感謝在此次設(shè)計(jì)中給予我全程細(xì)心指導(dǎo)的楊恒老師。由于本人學(xué)識(shí)水平和設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的缺乏，在設(shè)計(jì)的開始階段，遇到了很多棘手的問題，在后來的設(shè)計(jì)繪圖過程中，又暴露出很多實(shí)際的畫圖問題，在楊老師及時(shí)耐心有效的指導(dǎo)下，才使我能夠順利、如期的完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。老師們淵博的知識(shí)、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度、高度的責(zé)任感和對(duì)我們時(shí)時(shí)刻刻的關(guān)懷之心，都深深的感染著我。其次，要感謝與我同組的同學(xué)們，因?yàn)楫厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，使我們有更多共同的話題，我們一起討論問題，一起學(xué)習(xí)，一起進(jìn)步。最后，向畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯委員會(huì)的各位老師表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感謝！英文資料Characteristics and Developmental Tendency of Modern CranesWith rapid development of modern science and technology, magnification of industrial production scale and improvement of automation level, application of cranes is being widespread and its function is obvious. Meanwhile, requirements for cranes are more and more strict. Especially, the widespread use of electronic puter technology spurs lots of subjectcrossing advanced design approaches and accelerates the improvement of modern manufacturing and detecting technology. Fierce petition in international market bees more dependent on the petition of technology. All of these impel technological functions of cranes into a brandnew developmental stage. Cranes are facing a tremendous transformation. Our country is entering global international petitive market at an unprecedented rate and crane manufacture is confronted with a new situation where opportunities and challenges coexist. Thus, it is crucial for cranes to develop and innovate constantly. I want to make a brief explanation about characteristics and developmental tendency of modern cranes with examples, based on new theories, technology and trend of cranes at home and overseas.1. Make the key products large, high speed, endured and specializedBecause of continuous expansion of industrial production scale, increasingly improvement of production efficiency and rising proportion of money spending on loading and unloading and transporting materials in the process of production, required amount of large or highspeed cranes is increasing. Lifting quantities bee larger, working speed bees higher and requirements of energyconsuming and reliability bee stricter. Cranes have already bee a critical link in the process of automation production. Cranes should be easy to use, maintain and operate and have high security, less troubles and long average time between failures. The central issue in international market production petition is reliability, and many panies abroad have drawn up intercontrolled standard of reliability. The most important for us to catch up with and surpass world advanced level of crane’s function is to improve reliability, to make cranes durable, less troubles, maintainable and economic to be used.At the moment, the biggest floating crane in the world weighs 6500t, chain crane 3000t and bridge crane 1200t. Diversity of industrial mode of production and customers’ need makes crane market expanding and products renewing constantly to satisfy special needs with specific functions and bring its best usefulness into play. Functions of various kinds of cranes are improving. DEMAG ERGOTECH has developed a crane special for aircraft maintenance, which has made its own way into international market. This crane is great in length and lifting height and has accurate halt. When a flexible maintenance platform fixed under lifting cart, it can reach every part of the aircraft. With the fast development of nuclear power stations in the world, cranes which are special for them achieve corresponding development. For example, annular bridge crane in reactors’ space, working under radiative circumstances, is used to lift dangerous load such as top cover of pressure container and ponents in reactors. It requires high reliability, high security, the ability to determine location accurately and automatically and transfer goods to a lower level, as well as various kinds of protection and particular security devices.2. Make series of production modularized, bined, standardized and practicalMost cranes are produced by series and batch, thus use of systematic multiobjections entire optimization to design series of cranes has already bee the key point in development. Through rational matching of series main parameter, its functions can be improved, manufacturing cost can be reduced, and degree of general purpose can be raised. Use less specification spare parts to pose series production with multispecies and multispecifications. And thus, the requirements of customers can be fully satisfied.By using modularized design instead of conservative entire design, we can make ponents with similar functions into standard modules which have various uses, similar connective key factors and are interchangeable. Through bination of different modules, we can make different kinds and specifications of cr