【正文】 , Ms. Green.(3) Mr. + official title/Military rank: Mr. President, Mr. Major. etc. Relative appellationsIn English there are much less relative appellation words than in Chinese, only a few relative appellation words are important in English: doctor, father, boss, etc. Doctor is for patients to address their doctors, father is for Christians to address the priest, and boss is for an employee to address his or her employer unless their relationship is close. Post and rank appellationsThe mon words are: professor, doctor, boss, etc. In English, this kind of appellations can be used for addressing someone you meet in the presence of him or her, but they are not usually used in official situation.a) Mr.+ Official titles: Mr. President, Mr. Ambassador, Mr. Senator, etc.b)Mr.+ military rank: Mr. Major, Mr. Captain, etc.c) Post and rank + surname: Professor Smith, Professor Clinton, etc.d) Academic degree + surname: Dr. Stevenson, etc. Honorific appellationsIn English, these kinds of words are: Sir, Lady, Lord, etc.In English, “Sir”, on some occasions, is used for addressing the old or people who are in high social position.“Lady” is used instead of “woman” to show respect for women. The English slang “Lady first” is an example to denote the meaning of respect.“Lord” is used for addressing nobles by adding surname to it, such as “Lord Smith”, “Lord Clinton”, etc. However, it can also be used in the expressions like “My Lord” or “Your Lordship” in face – to – face social munication. Affectionate appellationsIn English, this kind of appellation has three main forms as follows.a) Addressing the first name directly: Marry, John, David, etc.b) Using affectionate forms of appellation: Jack (Johnny), Sonial (Sonya), Davy (David) etc.c) Addressing nickname: Fatty, Skinny, Blimp, etc. Using nickname is also showing a kind of close relationship because it is usually used for addressing close.3. The similarities and differences between English and Chinese appellationsWith the above parison of Chinese appellation system with English appellation system，it can be seen that there are some similarities and differences between them. Similarities Kinship appellations Having only one corresponding appellationIn kinship appellation, both Chinese and English have only one corresponding appellation. For example, mother is the corresponding appellation for “muqin(母親)”, father is for “fuqin(父親)”,and son is for “erzi(兒子)”, etc. Social appellations Using“Mr.”, “Mrs.” and “Miss” as appellation“Mr.”, “Mrs.” and “Miss”, which have ever made great influence on Chinese, are used most frequently in English. Before 1949, “Mr.” had been used in Chinese society to address someone who had good reputation or high social position. Nowadays, as China’s reform and openup policies are developing further and further, “Mr.”, “Mrs.” and “Miss” are being more and more popular in China. Using “post and rank” as appellationWhen people use this kind of appellation, they would find that there is a surpring similarity between them. For example, in English, they only address “Professor Johnson”, but not “Lecturer Johnson” or “Assistant Johnson”. And they address “Dr. Smith” but not “Master Smith” or “Bachelor Smith”. In Chinese, people only say “Zhang jiaoshou (張教授)” but not “Zhang jiaoshi (張教師)”. And only say “Tian boshi (田博士)” or sometimes “Tian shuoshi (田碩士)” but not “Tian xueshi (田學(xué)士)”. Moreover, Chinese people used to call high rank general “shouzhang (首長(zhǎng))” in military. And in English, “Sir” is used for taking the place of “shouzhang (首長(zhǎng))” to address high rank general. Meanwhile, they have the same usage. In both Chinese and English, people can address someone they know by their given names except relatives. To someone who has a good relationship with others, they also use affectionate appellation for addressing them. Differences Though similarities of appellations between Chinese and English are found in this parison, more differences between them are shown as follows. Kinship appellations Showing more details in ChineseIn China, people distinguish the elder from the young among the siblings by different address terms, and the spouses of the siblings are also addressed special names accordingly. For example, brother’s side is set apart from sister’s side: “zhi’er (侄兒)”/ “waisheng (外甥)”, “zhinu (侄女)”/ “waishengnu (外甥女)”。 son’s side from daughter’s side: “sunzi (孫子)”/ “waisun (外孫)”, “sunnu (孫女)”/ “waisunnu (外孫女)”. And spouses of son and daughter are given specific names by adding new characters after “er (兒)” (son) and “nu (女)” (daughter): “erxi (兒媳)” and “nuxu(女婿)” respectively, while in English, they just have daughterinlaw and soninlaw to show the legal relationship clearly. Social appellations Using “Mr., Mrs./Miss + surname” most widely in English“Mr., Mrs./Miss + surname” is used most widely in English. But it is quite different in Chinese. In the past, the social appellation that people used most frequently is “tongzhi (同志)” and “shifu (師傅)”. As time passing by, more and more people use “Mr.”, “Mrs.” and “Miss” for addressing people in recent two decades. Using “post and rank” to address someone directly in ChineseIn Chinese, we can take “post and rank” to address someone directly, such as “chuzhang (處長(zhǎng))”, “kezhang (科長(zhǎng))”, “changzhang (廠長(zhǎng))”, etc. But this never appears in English. Meanwhile, some official titles are added to surnames to address people who take a good position. Such as “Liu shuji (劉書記)”, “Wang shizhang (王市長(zhǎng))”, “Zheng zhuren (鄭主任)”, etc., while in English, people usually use the forms of “Mr., Mrs./Miss + surname” to address these persons. Using “Lao+surname/post”or “surname+lao” in ChineseChinese people usually employ the form of “l(fā)ao + surname/post” or “surname + lao” as a social appellation, which doesn’t exist in English. The usage of adding prefix “Lao” and suffix “Lao” in Chinese is very plicated. Like the ability of f