【正文】 施工方案。⑷在隧道開(kāi)挖前，對(duì)隧道地表中線附近范圍進(jìn)行勘察，對(duì)地表沖溝、深井、滑塌、陷穴、地表附著物等不良地質(zhì)情況進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)，并按里程樁號(hào)逐一登記、拍照，尤其是隧道下穿既有鐵路等大型構(gòu)筑物地段，施工中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)控量測(cè)工作，嚴(yán)格按設(shè)計(jì)方案施工，確保隧道安全、順利通過(guò)。51 / 53⑸每循環(huán)進(jìn)行測(cè)量放樣，嚴(yán)格控制超欠挖。定期對(duì)測(cè)量控制點(diǎn)進(jìn)行檢查、復(fù)核，避免由于隧底下沉、上鼓、不均勻變形及人工或機(jī)械碰撞等原因?qū)刂泣c(diǎn)的損害。⑹邊墻、仰拱或底板等的地基承載力必須滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。軟弱地基處理方法和施工質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。隧底開(kāi)挖前應(yīng)進(jìn)行施工工藝設(shè)計(jì)。⑺開(kāi)挖后應(yīng)按設(shè)計(jì)要求的量測(cè)項(xiàng)目及頻率進(jìn)行圍巖量測(cè)，及時(shí)反饋量測(cè)信息。⑻隧道開(kāi)挖中，應(yīng)在每次開(kāi)挖后及時(shí)觀察、描述圍巖裂隙結(jié)構(gòu)狀況、巖體軟硬程度、出水量大小，核對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)情況，判斷圍巖的穩(wěn)定性。⑼土質(zhì)隧道在開(kāi)挖過(guò)程中，盡量減少挖掘機(jī)對(duì)隧道邊沿的開(kāi)挖，應(yīng)采用人工風(fēng)鎬對(duì)隧道周邊進(jìn)行修整，減少對(duì)圍巖的擾動(dòng)，避免側(cè)壁或拱頂?shù)魤K現(xiàn)象。拱腳、墻角應(yīng)預(yù)留 30cm 人工開(kāi)挖，嚴(yán)禁超挖。土質(zhì)隧道拱墻腳嚴(yán)禁被水浸泡。開(kāi)挖完畢后，應(yīng)盡早對(duì)圍巖進(jìn)行支護(hù)封閉，減少圍巖暴露的時(shí)間。⑽制定安全施工應(yīng)急預(yù)案，日常做好應(yīng)急材料、物資的儲(chǔ)備。52 / 53目錄編制依據(jù)與原則 .....................................................................................................................1 相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范和施工圖 ...................................................................................................1 編制原則 ...............................................................................................................................1工程概況 .............................................................................................................................2 工程地質(zhì)條件 .......................................................................................................................2 水文地質(zhì)條件 .......................................................................................................................2主要施工方案 .....................................................................................................................2 CRD 法 ...................................................................................................................................3 雙側(cè)壁導(dǎo)坑法 ......................................................................................................................7 三臺(tái)階七步作業(yè)法 ............................................................................................................11 大拱腳臺(tái)階法 .....................................................................................................................14 臺(tái)階法加臨時(shí)仰拱 .............................................................................................................16 臺(tái)階法 ................................................................................................................................17超前地質(zhì)預(yù)報(bào) ...................................................................................................................20 一般規(guī)定 ............................................................................................................................20 地質(zhì)預(yù)報(bào)的分級(jí)管理與方案設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................22 地質(zhì)調(diào)查法 ........................................................................................................................24 鉆探法 ................................................................................................................................27 物理勘探法 ........................................................................................................................28監(jiān)控量測(cè) ...........................................................................................................................29 一般規(guī)定 ............................................................................................................................29 監(jiān)控量測(cè)項(xiàng)目 ....................................................................................................................30 監(jiān)控量測(cè)要求 ....................................................................................................................31 監(jiān)控量測(cè)方法 ....................................................................................................................33爆破設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................................................35 爆破總方案 ........................................................................................................................35 隧道施工方法與措施 .........................................................................................................35 隧道開(kāi)挖參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................................38勞動(dòng)力和機(jī)械設(shè)備配置 ....................................................................................................4353 / 53 勞動(dòng)力配置 .........................................................................................................................43 主要施工機(jī)械設(shè)備、質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備的配置 .....................................................................43應(yīng)急預(yù)案 ...........................................................................................................................44質(zhì)量保證措施 ...................................................................................................................46 主控項(xiàng)目 .............................................................................................................................46 一般項(xiàng)目 ............................................................................................................................47安全、文明施工 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