【正文】 e making any long flight, the CG with the fuel available for landing must be checked to ensure it will be within the allowable range. Changes of fixed equipment may have a major effect upon the weight of the aircraft. The replacement of older, heavy electronic equipment with newer, lighter types results in a weight reduction, which will probably cause the CG to shift and must be puted and annotated in the weight and balance record. Repairs and alteration are the major sources of weight changes. The Aamp。P mechanic must pute the CG and record the new empty weight and EWCG in the aircraft weight and balance record.The Aamp。P mechanic or repairman conducting an annual or condition inspection must ensure the weight and balance data in the aircraft records is current and accurate. It is the responsibility of the pilot in mand to use the most current weight and balance data when operating the aircraft. Questions: 1. What conditions might cause the operational weight of a plane to be less than the maximum allowable weight?2. What should be done if the CG is too far aft in an aircraft? 3. Why is the weight and balance for a helicopter far more critical than for an airplane?4. According to the passage, what might lead to weight changes and cause the CG to shift in an aircraft? 5. Who are responsible for recording and using the most current and accurate data of the weight and balance? Part III Translation (15%)Section 1 EnglishChinese Translation (10%)Direction: In this section there are two passages in English. Please read these passages and translate the underlined parts into Chinese.Passage 1The airplane propeller consists of two or more blades and a central hub to which the blades are attached. 1) Each blade of an airplane propeller is essentially a rotating wing. As a result of their construction, the propeller blades are like airfoils and produce forces that create the thrust to pull, or push, the airplane through the air.The power needed to rotate the propeller blades is furnished by the engine. The engine rotates the airfoils of the blades through the air at high speeds, and the propeller transforms the rotary power of the engine into forward thrust.2) An airplane moving through the air creates a drag force opposing its forward motion. Consequently, if an airplane is to fly, there must be a force applied to it that is equal to the drag, but acting forward. This force is called “thrust.” Passage 2Aircraft flight control systems are classified as primary and secondary. 3) The primary control systems consist of those that are required to safely control an airplane during flight. Secondary control systems improve the performance characteristics of the airplane, or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Those included in the primary control systems are the ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder. Examples of secondary control systems are wing flaps and trim systems. Airplane control systems are carefully designed to provide a natural feel, and at the same time, allow adequate responsiveness to control inputs. 4) At low airspeeds, the controls usually feel soft and sluggish, and the airplane responds slowly to control applications. At high speeds, the controls feel firm and the response is more rapid.Movement of any of the three primary flight control surfaces changes the airflow and pressure distribution over and around the airfoil. These changes affect the lift and drag produced by the airfoil/control surface bination, and allow a pilot to control the airplane about its three axes of rotation. Design features limit the amount of deflection of flight control surfaces. For example, controlstop mechanisms may be incorporated into the flight controls, or movement of the control column and/or rudder pedals may be limited. The purpose of these design limits is to prevent the pilot from inadvertently overcontrolling and overstressing the aircraft during normal maneuvers. 5) A properly designed airplane should be stable and easily controlled during maneuvering. Control surface inputs cause movement about the three axes of rotation. The types of stability an airplane exhibits also relate to the three axes of rotation. Section 2 ChineseEnglish Translation (5%)Direction: In this section there are five sentences in Chinese. Please translate them into English.1. 太陽能動力飛機的平均飛行時速為70公里，暫時不會對商用飛機構(gòu)成威脅。2. 國際航空業(yè)公布了航空業(yè)的減排目標(biāo)：到2050年，該行業(yè)的二氧化碳排量將比2005年減少50％。3. 民航局頒發(fā)的適航證應(yīng)當(dāng)規(guī)定該民用航空器所適用的活動類別和證書的有效期限。4. 外國民用航空器必須經(jīng)民航局對其原登記國頒發(fā)的適航證審查認(rèn)可后方可飛行。5. 在2008年，維珍大西洋航空公司的一架波音747飛機使用了生物混合燃料完成了從倫敦至阿姆斯特丹的無乘客飛行。Part IV Writing (25%)Section 1 Practical writing (10%)Situation: You are the Personal Assistant to Mr. O. Fleming, Production Director of Millennium Bug Products International Inc. He is on a business trip to the firm’s factories in Europe and has just phoned you back at the office. Here are the notes you made:Severe problems in factory in Milan. Get Mike Owen from our Technical Support Department here as soon as possible. Also probably Dave Beck. Our operating system and software do not work on Italian puters. Probably need two days. Tell Mike to ring Luciano (Tel: 1678888) if he wants more info re problems.Write a Memo (7080 words) to put on Mike Owen’s desk.Section 2 Technical Writing (15%)Major Components of an Aircraft要求：請簡要介紹飛機五個主要組成部分的重要特征和功能（如下圖所示：機身，機翼，尾翼，起落架和動力裝置，可任選其中三項介紹）。文章長度180230詞。特別注意要詳略得當(dāng)；表達(dá)清晰、簡潔；語言準(zhǔn)確、得體。12