【正文】
信號(hào)—周期信號(hào);— )()()()()(tntxtntxty ???? )()( )]()()()(1 )()( )]()()][()(1 )()(1)( 000同頻的周期信號(hào)—與—解:txRdttntxtntxTRRdttntxtntxTdttytyTRxTnxTTy?????????????????????????????? )]()()()(1)( )()(, ])()([1 )()(1 )( , )0(0)( 000222常數(shù)時(shí)當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)是互相關(guān)函數(shù)與時(shí)當(dāng)時(shí),—當(dāng)—????????????????????????????dttntxtntxTRuuRRdttntxTdttntxTuRuRRTnnxnxxnTTnnnnnn??????????????)(?yRnxn uuu 22 ?TO分)(轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)速 /60)/1(1 TsTn ???自相關(guān)儀原理: 時(shí)間位移 發(fā)生器( ) ? 乘法器 XY記錄儀 ?? ?)(xR平均電路 )()( ??? txtx? ??T dttxtxT 0 )()(1 ? )]c o s ()[ c o s (21sinsin c o s2 )()(1lim)( )( ),s i n ()(2 2000信息失了相位簡(jiǎn)諧信號(hào)自相關(guān)函數(shù)丟結(jié)論:上面應(yīng)用:解:求:例????????????????????????????xdttxtxTRRtxtxTnxx互相關(guān)函數(shù)定義,性質(zhì)和應(yīng)用 )()( )()(1)( )()(1)( )(),( 00??????yxxyTyxTxyRRdttxtyTRdttytxTRtytx?????????一般的互相關(guān)函數(shù):兩函數(shù)定義:)可用相關(guān)系數(shù)證明),(性質(zhì)(數(shù)呈最大值時(shí),兩函數(shù)的互相關(guān)函當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)數(shù),而是它的共軛函數(shù))互相關(guān)函數(shù)不是偶函(性質(zhì):32 )3( )()( )2( )()]()([ )]()([ )]()([)( 1 0yxyxyxyxxyyxxyuuuuRRRtytxEtytxEtytxER?????????????????????????????????)c o s (21 ])(s i n [)s i n (1)( )( )s i n ()( )s i n ()( 4 0??????????????????????????????mmmTmxyxymmyxdttytxTRRtytytxtx位差信息。有原信號(hào)幅值乘積和相它包含仍為同頻的簡(jiǎn)諧信號(hào),的互相關(guān)函數(shù)和兩同頻簡(jiǎn)諧信號(hào))(?)(?xyR0?oyxuuyxyx uu???應(yīng)用: ( 1).相關(guān)測(cè)速 st)(1 txo t)(2 txo0?000m a x )()( 2121????SvRR xxxx???傳 1 傳 2 ( 2)相關(guān)測(cè)距 確定地下輸油管破裂位置 K S輸油管 相關(guān)分 析儀 傳 1 傳 2 mcvS ??23. 頻率域描述 — 自功率譜密度函數(shù),互功率 譜密度函數(shù) ,簡(jiǎn)稱功率譜—為信號(hào)的功率譜密度—定義:)上的平均功率為:,在整個(gè)時(shí)域(即:的總能量。域時(shí)域的總能量等于在 頻巴塞瓦定律指出信號(hào) 在功率譜密度: )]([1l i m)( )]([1l i m)(1l i m )]([)( 222222121fXTfSfdfXTdttxTPfdfXdttxTxTTTTT????? ??????????????????????? ?自功率譜密度函數(shù) ? ? )()(1l i m )()(1l i m )()(1l i m )()(1l i m )()(1l i m)( )()( )()( ),()( 22222222222dfefSdfefXTdfefXfXTdfefXdtetxTdtdfefXetxTdttxtxTRdfefXetxfXetxfXtxfjxfjTfjTfjftjTftjfjTTxftjfjfj????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? )( c o s 2)(2)( ]2s i n2) [ c o s( )()( )()( )()( 022數(shù)也稱為自功率譜密度函也是偶函數(shù)是偶函數(shù),即:fSdfRfSdfjfRdeRfSfSRdeRfSxxxxfjxxxxfjxx??????????????????????????????????????????)( fSxfo單邊功率譜:工程上頻率無負(fù)值定義單邊功率譜 ???? dfRfGfffSfGxxxx2c os)(4)(0 0 0 )(2)(0??????????幾種信號(hào)單邊功率譜: f)(fGxof)(fGxof)(fGxo簡(jiǎn)諧信號(hào) 寬帶隨機(jī)信號(hào) 窄帶隨機(jī)信號(hào) 1f0f互功率譜密度函數(shù) 為互功率譜密度函數(shù)定義: )()( 2 ?? ?? deRfS fjxyxy ??????使得它幅值更加突出,加強(qiáng)了比較,與 )()()()( fXfSfXfS xx作業(yè)題:3-4,3-5,3-6, 3- 9