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[英語考試]1997-2000年英語真題-資料下載頁

2025-01-09 15:20本頁面
  

【正文】 人的火力之下。) You should expose yourself to English if you want to learn it well.(如果你想學(xué)好英語,就應(yīng)該多接觸英語。) 29. In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization— with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed— was spread over nearly a century,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. 【譯文】 在先期實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的 歐洲國家中,其工業(yè)化進程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會結(jié)構(gòu)變革,持續(xù)了大約一個世紀之久,而如今一個發(fā)展中國家在十年左右就可能完成這個過程。 【析句】 本句的主干為 the process of industrialization? was spread over nearly a century。 in the early industrialized countries of Europe 作全句的狀語,with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed是插入成分。注意連接詞 whereas引導(dǎo)的是一個表示對比的從句。 【講詞】 翻譯此句時,應(yīng)該注意術(shù)語的翻譯,因此 industrialized country應(yīng)該譯成 “ 工業(yè)化國家 ” , the process of industrialization譯成 “ 工業(yè)化進程 ” , developing nation(country)譯成 “ 發(fā)展中國家 ” 。 undergo意為 “ 經(jīng)歷 ,遭受 ,忍受 ” 。 You can hardly imagine the sufferings she has been undergoing.(你簡直無法想象她經(jīng)歷了多少磨難。) The old man lived for five years after he underwent a heart transplant.(老人在經(jīng)歷了一次換心手術(shù)后活了 5年。) 21 30. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements— themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 【譯文】 由于人口激增,加上大規(guī)模的人口遷移所產(chǎn)生的問題(如今,現(xiàn)代交通工具使人口遷移變得相對容易)也會造成額外的社會壓力。 【析句】 本句的主干為 Additional social stresses may also occur。 because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements是表示原因的狀語。 themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport在句中是附加成分,說明 mass migration movements,完整的說法應(yīng)該是 that (which) are made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport。 【講詞】 stress 作名詞時常見的詞義是 “ 壓力; 強調(diào) ” 。 Our goal is not to eliminate stress but to learn how to manage it and how to use it to help us.(我們的目標(biāo)不是消除壓力,而是要學(xué)會控制壓力,如何使用它以幫助自己。) Zhang Xuecheng was noted for his stress on the importance of local history of the empire of China.(章學(xué)誠一貫強調(diào)研究 中華帝國的地方史意義重大。) 1999 Passage 1 1. Luckily,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of ing disaster,a successful lawsuit might pensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s,when juries began holding more panies liable for their customers39。 misfortunes. 【譯文】 幸運的是,假如門墊或爐灶沒有警示你可能會發(fā)生的危害,你或許可以對自己所遇到的麻煩索賠并獲補償?;蛘哒f人們是這么想的,因為自 80 年代初以來,陪審團越發(fā)認為公司應(yīng)對其顧客所遭受的不幸負責(zé)。 22 【析句】 句子本身并不復(fù)雜,兩個句子表達了人們的想法。在第一個句子中, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of ing disaster是指門墊或爐灶沒有警示語。在第二個句子中, or so the thinking has gone 是一個倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),正常的語序應(yīng)該是 or the thinking has gone so(或者說人們是這么想的)。 【講詞】 liable 意為 “ 有責(zé)任的 ,有義務(wù)的 ” 。 I am not liable for other people’ s debts.(我對其他人的債務(wù)不負責(zé)任。) He is liable to e today.(他今天很可能要來。) be liable for sth 意為 “ 應(yīng)對 ?? 負責(zé) ” ; to hold sb liable for sth意為 “ 某人應(yīng)對某事負責(zé) ” ,類似的表達還有 to hold sb accountable for sth或 to hold sb responsible for sth。 I will hold you liable for any damage.(如有損壞,我拿你是問。) 2. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary— the dangers of drug interactions,for example— and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn39。t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 【譯文】 雖然警示語常常是合理而必要的,如提示注意藥物的副作用,并且很多是按照州或聯(lián)邦法規(guī)的要求而添加的,但是當(dāng)一名消費者受傷時,警示語是否真能免除制造商和銷售商的責(zé)任,這還不清楚。 【析句 】 在這個主從復(fù)合句中, it isn39。t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。主句用了一個形式主語 it,真正的主語是 that引導(dǎo)的從句,而 that從句之后是一個 if引導(dǎo)的條件從句。從句由兩個部分組成,中間用 and連接。破折號之間的部分是舉例說明 warnings的內(nèi)容。注意: many are required by state or federal regulations中的 many是指 many warnings。 【講詞】 liability 有 “ 責(zé)任 ” 的意思,在此句中 protect? from liability 意為 “ 保護 ?? 使免責(zé) ” 。該詞也可表示 “ 不利的條件 ” 。 hold no liability for “ 對 ?? 23 不負責(zé)任 ” 。 Bad pronunciation is a liability in being a narrator.(不良的發(fā)音是做解說員的不利條件。) liability disclaimer意為 “ 免責(zé)聲明 ” 。 3. As personal injury claims continue as before,some courts are beginning to side with defendants,especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn39。t have changed anything. 【譯文】 盡管個人傷害的索賠一如既往地繼續(xù)著,但有些法庭開始支持被告一方,特別是在處理那些有警示語也無濟于事的案件時。 【析句】 在這個主從 復(fù)合句中, as引導(dǎo)一個伴隨狀語從句,主句是 some courts are beginning to side with defendants。 especially in cases是一個狀語短語, cases后面跟了一個 where引導(dǎo)的定語從句( where a warning label probably wouldn39。t have changed anything),修飾 cases。 【講詞】 side with 意為 “ 與 (某人 )站在同一邊 ,和 (某人 )抱同樣的見解 ” 。 A Chinese court has sided with the Starbucks coffee house chain in its battle with a Shanghai rival over their use of the same Chinese name,a news report said.(新聞報道說,一個中國法庭支持了星巴克咖啡連鎖店的訴訟,這家連鎖店起訴上海的一個競爭對手使用同樣的中文名。) 4. In May,Julie Nimmons,president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. 【譯文】 五月份,伊利諾斯州的 Schutt體育公司總裁朱利 尼蒙斯就成功地打贏了這樣一場官司,原告是一名橄欖球隊員,他戴著該公司的頭盔在一場比賽中受傷癱瘓。 【析句】 這個句子的主干是 Julie Nimmons? successfully fou ght a lawsuit。 president of Schutt Sports in Illinois是主語 Julie Nimmons的同位語。賓語 a lawsuit由一個現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)( involving a football player who was paralyzed in a 24 game while wearing a Schutt helmet)修飾,其中的 a football player后面跟著一個定語從句。 【講詞】 involve意為 “ 涉及;包括;參與 ” 等。 All the children were involved in the school play.(所有的孩子都參加了學(xué)校排練的劇目。) This lesson involves a lot of work.(這一課需要做的工作有很多。) paralyze意為 “ 使癱瘓;使麻痹 ” 。 The electricity failure paralyzed the train service.(電力中斷使得列車無法運行。) The economy was paralyzed by the policy initiated by the government.(政府所實行的政策致使經(jīng)濟陷入癱瘓。) 5. At the same time,the American Law Institute— a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose remendations carry substantial weight— issued new guidelines for tort law stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
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