【正文】 earning trust. In a test, participants were told to watch TV where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked. The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too. The researchers added, “Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start.” Harley Street psychologist Dr Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have mon ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful.”（1）According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who . A.has the same taste as themB.advertises his products on TVC.reduces the price of his productsD.pays attention to the quality of his products（2）The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that . A.food plays an important role in earning people39。s trustB.bosses like employees that have the same taste as themC.people who have similar tastes to their boss39。s earn moreD.people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV（3）What can be inferred from the passage? A.People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other.B.People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things,C.The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn39。t been proved by researchers.D.People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them.（4）Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory? A.Honesty is the best policy.B.All good things e to an end.C.Birds of a feather flock together.D.Where there is a will, there is a way.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，和經(jīng)理們（乃至陌生人）吃同樣食物的人更容易即刻獲得他們的信任。也就是諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)的，“人以群分 物以類(lèi)聚。”（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar kind of food to them at the ，顧客很可能從味道相同的經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商那里購(gòu)買(mǎi)產(chǎn)品。故答案選A。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food39。s role in earning University研究表明食物在贏得人們的信任方面起著重要的作用。故答案選A。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, “This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have the mon ground and can trust the other person. Thai means negotiations are more likely to the successful.”可知，吃相似食物的人更容易信任對(duì)方。故答案選A。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)每條諺語(yǔ)的意思A. Honesty is the best policy. 誠(chéng)實(shí)為上策。B. All good things e to an end. 天下沒(méi)有不散的筵席。C. Birds of a feather flock together. 人以群分 物以類(lèi)聚。D. Where there is a will, there is a ，事竟成?？芍狢項(xiàng)符合題意?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】推理題的解題方法1. 抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理。2. 整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷。3. 利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷。 4. 根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度。5. 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論。 6. 結(jié)合已有的知識(shí)進(jìn)行推斷。8．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring selfcontrol do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong? Avoiding temptation (誘惑) is an effective method for maintaining selfcontrol, which is called the out of sight, out of mind principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight. The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of selfcontrol raises a troubling question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don39。t believe that one39。s willpower is ever pletely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our selfcontrol strength has been run down. High motivation might help overe weakened willpowerat least to a point. Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place. Researchers who study selfcontrol often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle parison, they say. While muscles bee exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of selfcontrol may improve willpower strength. The evidence from willpowerexhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year39。s Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don39。t try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you39。ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will bee routine, and won39。t require making decisions at all.（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that ________. A.people have unlimited selfcontrol