【正文】 于我們的化學(xué)生物，它們能夠適應(yīng)不同星球上的生活，它們能創(chuàng)造生命，繁衍生息。
　　The second experiment, or the other implication of this experiment, is that all of you, all life is based on 20 amino acids. If you donamp。39。t substitute two amino acids, if you donamp。39。t say ATXY, if you say ATCG + XY, then you go from 20 building blocks to 172, and all of a sudden youamp。39。ve got 172 building blocks of amino acids to build lifeforms in very different shapes.
　　就是我們所有人，所有的 生命都基于20種氨基酸。 如果我們并不是 去替換其中的兩種， 我們不用ATXY的模式， 我們用ATCG+XY的模式， 我們就能夠從20種 基礎(chǔ)氨基酸增長(zhǎng)到172種， 轉(zhuǎn)瞬間，我們就有了172種 基礎(chǔ)氨基酸的模型 去建造完全不同的生命形式。第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，或者說是這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的另一個(gè)運(yùn)用。
　　The second experiment to think about is a really weird experiment thatamp。39。s been taking place in China. So this guy has been transplanting hundreds of mouse heads. Right? And why is that an interesting experiment?Well, think of the first heart transplants. One of the things they used to do is they used to bring in the wife or the daughter of the donor so the donee could tell the doctors, amp。quot。Do you recognize this person? Do you love this person? Do you feel anything for this person?amp。quot。
　　第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，一個(gè)非常詭異的實(shí)驗(yàn)。是在中國做的。這個(gè)家伙已經(jīng)換植過上百只老鼠的頭了。聽上去怎么樣?為什么這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)很有趣呢?想一想第一場(chǎng)心臟移植手術(shù)。他人們以前經(jīng)常做的一件事就是會(huì)把器官捐贈(zèng)者的 妻子或女兒帶過來，這樣被捐贈(zèng)者就可以回答醫(yī)生的問題，”。你認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)人嗎?你愛她嗎?你看到她能感覺到什么嗎?”。
　　We laugh about that today. We laugh because we know the heart is a muscle, but for hundreds of thousands of years, or tens of thousands of years, amp。quot。I gave her my heart. She took my heart. She broke my heart.amp。quot。 We thought this was emotion and we thought maybe emotions were transplanted with the heart. Nope.
　　今天，我們當(dāng)然會(huì)把這當(dāng)笑話講。我們笑是因?yàn)槲覀冎?心臟只是一塊肌肉，但是，在歷史上的若干年間，”。我把心獻(xiàn)給了她。她勾走了我的心。讓我心碎?！薄?我們都把心臟當(dāng)成感情的來源，我們以為感情會(huì)與心相隨，一同被移植。不是這樣的。
　　So how about the brain? Two possible outes to this experiment. If you can get a mouse that is functional, then you can see, is the new brain a blank slate? And boy, does that have implications. Second option: the new mouse recognizes Minnie Mouse. The new mouse remembers what itamp。39。s afraid of, remembers how to navigate the maze, and if that is true, then you can transplant memory and consciousness.
　　但是如果換成大腦呢?有兩種可能的結(jié)局。如果你能成功得到一只活著的老鼠，你會(huì)觀察到，它的新大腦是否是一片空白?甚至，這個(gè)大腦是不是有同樣的功能?第二種可能： 新的老鼠還記得它的戀愛對(duì)象。新的老鼠還記得它害怕什么，記得迷宮的線路，如果這是真的，我們就能夠移植我們的記憶和意識(shí)。
　　And then the really interesting question is, if you can transplant this, is the only inputoutput mechanism this down here? Or could you transplant that consciousness into something that would be very different, that would last in space, that would last tens of thousands of years, that would be a pletely redesigned body that could hold consciousness for a long, long period of time?
　　然后就引發(fā)了一個(gè)有趣的問題，移植大腦的過程，是否是對(duì)于下半身唯一的 輸入輸出信號(hào)的控制呢?或者說，我們能否將意識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)入一個(gè) 十分不同的東西里，使它能夠在宇宙中長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)留存，能夠持續(xù)數(shù)萬年，這是身體的完全重設(shè)，使我們的意識(shí)能夠存在很長(zhǎng)，很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間?
　　And letamp。39。s e back to the first question: Why would you ever want to do that? Well, Iamp。39。ll tell you this is the ultimate selfie.
　　那么，讓我們重新回到開始的問題：為什么我們會(huì)想要那么做?好吧，讓我來告訴你們?cè)?。因?yàn)檫@就是我們的終極自拍照。(笑聲)
　　This is taken from six billion miles away, and thatamp。39。s Earth. And thatamp。39。s all of us. And if that little thing goes, all of humanity goes. And the reason you want to alter the human body is because you eventually want a picture that says, thatamp。39。s us, and thatamp。39。s us, and thatamp。39。s us, because thatamp。39。s the way humanity survives longterm extinction. And thatamp。39。s the reason why it turns out itamp。39。s actually unethical not to evolve the human body even though it can be scary, even though it can be challenging, but itamp。39。s whatamp。39。s going to allow us to explore, liveand get to places we canamp。39。t even dream of today, but which our greatgreatgreatgreat grandchildren might someday.
　　這將來自六十億英里以外，那就是地球。里面包括我們所有人。如果那個(gè)小東西能夠持續(xù)下去，整個(gè)人類就會(huì)存活下去。我們之所以想要改變?nèi)梭w，是因?yàn)槲覀冏罱K想要一張照片，上面寫著，這是我們，這是我們，這也是我們，因?yàn)檫@讓人類得以 幸存于漫長(zhǎng)的滅絕事件中。這就是為什么結(jié)果表明，不進(jìn)化人體是不道德的。即使那可能很可怕，即使可能很困難，但這會(huì)使我們能夠去探索，生存，到達(dá)當(dāng)今無法想象的地方，也許我們的曾曾曾曾孫輩有朝一日會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)。
　　Thank you very much.(Applause)
　　非常感謝。(掌聲)