【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 them about slavery. I tell them about terrorism, the era that began at the end of reconstruction that went on to World War II. We dont really know very much about it. But for AfricanAmericans in this country, that was an era defined by terror. In many munities, people had to worry about being lynched. They had to worry about being bombed. It was the threat of terror that shaped their lives. And these older people e up to me now and they say, Mr. Stevenson, you give talks, you make speeches, you tell people to stop saying were dealing with terrorism for the first time in our nations history after 9/11. They tell me to say, No, tell them that we grew up with that. And that era of terrorism, of course, was followed by segregation and decades of racial subordination and apartheid.　　我談了很多問題 種族，還有 我們配不配執(zhí)行死刑 這很發(fā)人深省。當我教美國黑人歷史的時候 我和學(xué)生講奴隸制 和他們講恐怖主義 那個始于大復(fù)興晚期 一直到二戰(zhàn)時期的時代 我們并不真的了解那段歷史 但是對于這個國家的黑人來說 那是個白色恐怖時代 在很多社區(qū)，人們害怕隨時會被私刑處死 人們擔(dān)心隨時會被炸彈襲擊 那個白色恐怖時代，改變了他們的生活 那時的人現(xiàn)在上了年紀，來和我說 史蒂文森先生，你到處演講 你得告訴大家 別說什么911以后是我們美國有史以來 第一次對付恐怖主義。 他們讓我說：我們就是在恐怖里長大的。 那個恐怖主義的時代，當然了 最后演變成了無法逾越的鴻溝 數(shù)十年的種族歧視 和種族隔離　　And yet, we have in this country this dynamic where we really dont like to talk about our problems. We dont like to talk about our history. And because of that, we really havent understood what its meant to do the things weve done historically. Were constantly running into each other. Were constantly creating tensions and conflicts. We have a hard time talking about race, and I believe its because we are unwilling to mit ourselves to a process of truth and reconciliation. In South Africa, people understood that we couldnt overe apartheid without a mitment to truth and reconciliation. In Rwanda, even after the genocide, there was this mitment, but in this country we havent done that.　　然而，我們這個國家 不喜歡討論存在的問題 我們不喜歡討論歷史 正因如此，我們不能真正理解 我們有史以來做了什么 我們不停地產(chǎn)生沖突 不停地制造緊張氣氛 我們沒法討論種族問題 我相信是因為我們不愿意正視 一系列的事實，不愿意達成和解 在南非，人們知道 我們不能忘記種族隔離 除非我們誠實面對，達成和解 在盧旺達，即使種族滅絕后，人們還是正視了 但是在美國我們不愿意這么干　　I was giving some lectures in Germany about the death penalty. It was fascinating because one of the scholars stood up after the presentation and said, Well you know its deeply troubling to hear what youre talking about. He said, We dont have the death penalty in Germany. And of course, we can never have the death penalty in Germany. And the room got very quiet, and this woman said, Theres no way, with our history, we could ever engage in the systematic killing of human beings. It would be unconscionable for us to, in an intentional and deliberate way, set about executing people. And I thought about that. What would it feel like to be living in a world where the nation state of Germany was executing people, especially if they were disproportionately Jewish? I couldnt bear it. It would be unconscionable.　　我也在德國談過死刑的問題 結(jié)果很絕妙 因為在講談后有個學(xué)者站起來 說：你要知道， 聽你談這個很痛心。 她說：我們德國沒有死刑。 當然了，我們德國永遠也不可能有死刑。 全場肅靜 這位女士說： 因為我們的歷史， 我們永不可能決定 有系統(tǒng)地殺人。 公開化且下意識地 執(zhí)行死刑，對我們來說 是良心上無法接受的 我思考了這個問題 如果我整天 都看著德國人殺人 毫無道理地屠殺猶太人 我會有什么感受? 我無法忍受 那真是太不合理了　　And yet, in this country, in the states of the Old South, we execute people where youre 11 times more likely to get the death penalty if the victim is white than if the victim is black, 22 times more likely to get it if the defendant is black and the victim is white in the very states where there are buried in the ground the bodies of people who were lynched. And yet, there is this disconnect.　　但是，在我們這個國家 在南方各州 我們真的在屠殺 當僅僅因為受害人是白人而不是黑人 你被判死刑的機率上升十倍時 當僅僅因為被告是黑人而不是白人 你被判死刑的機率上升二十一倍時 在這些州，到處埋著 被私刑處死的人 可是，我們還是漠不關(guān)心　　Well I believe that our identity is at risk. That when we actually dont care about these difficult things, the positive and wonderful things are nonetheless implicated. We love innovation. We love technology. We love creativity. We love entertainment. But ultimately, those realities are shadowed by suffering, abuse, degradation, marginalization. And for me, it bees necessary to integrate the two. Because ultimately we are talking about a need to be more hopeful, more mitted, more dedicated to the basic challenges of living in a plex world. And for me that means spending time thinking and talking about the poor, the disadvantaged, those who will never get to TED. But thinking about them in a way that is integrated in our own lives.　　我相信這說明我們有定位危機 當我們對這些棘手的問題 置之不顧時 我們卻仍舊對那些正面的好事兒 一如既往地關(guān)心 我們愛極了革新 我們愛技術(shù)，我們愛創(chuàng)造 我們愛娛樂 但是最終 這些好的現(xiàn)實 都被痛苦煎熬， 濫用職權(quán)，剝奪人權(quán) 邊緣化，蒙上了陰影 對于我來說兩者合一 是必要的 因為最終我們談的 是怎么更有希望 更有保障，更有貢獻 來應(yīng)付生活在這個復(fù)雜社會中的種種挑戰(zhàn) 對于我來說那需要 花時間思考和討論 窮人階層，弱勢群體 那些永遠也沒機會來TED的人 不過想著他們其實在某種意義上 是把他們?nèi)诤线M我們的生活里　　You know ultimately, we all have to believe things we havent seen. We do. As rational as we are, as mitted to intellect as we are. Innovation, creativity, development es not from the ideas in our mind alone. They e from the ideas in our mind that are also fueled by some conviction in our heart. And its that mindheart connection that I believe pels us to not just be attentive to all the bright and dazzly things, but also the dark and difficult things. Vaclav Havel, the great Czech leader, talked about this. He said, When we were in Eastern Europe and dealing with oppression, we wanted all kinds of things, but mostly what we needed was hope, an orientation of the spirit, a willingness to sometimes be in hopeless places and be a witness.　　要知道最終，我們得相信那些沒親眼見的事 我們不得不。作為理智的社會，這么聰明的社會 革新，創(chuàng)造 發(fā)展，并不僅僅 在我們腦子里空想出來的 它們是從我們腦子里的智慧 和我們心里的信念 相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物 這個靈智合一 我相信會驅(qū)使我們 不僅僅是對那些 光明的事情更上心 同時對那些黑暗面和棘手的事情也是一樣 韋克拉烏哈韋爾，這位捷克的杰出領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，談過這個問題 他說：當我們在東歐解決強制壓迫的問題時 我們希望能成就很多 但是最重要的，我們要一個希望 一個心靈的指向 一種不憚于體會絕望的態(tài)度 以及為史留證的意愿?！　ell that orientation of the spirit is very much at the core of what I believe even TED munities have to be engaged in. There is no disconnect around technology and design that will allow us to be fully human until we pay attention to suffering, to poverty, to exclusion, to unfairness, to injustice. Now I will warn you that this kind of identity is a much more challenging identity than ones that dont pay attention to this. It will get to you.　　這個心靈的指向 就是