【正文】 ontrol those who unconditionally infusion mild ketoacidosis INS patients. 2 INS administration of noninjecting means Local Administration For diabetic patients with diabetic foot ulcers or pressure sores [3] patients in the affected area when dealing with the INS bined with metronidazole, such as Fuyu anisodamine wounds, dressings opened the next day, showing significantly reduced secretion of shallow the site of rupture of small wounds, or 4 d 3 d scab healing?，F(xiàn)就目前 INS 給藥途徑研究進展進行綜述。 腹腔內(nèi)給藥 腹腔內(nèi)給藥是國外研制出的一種裝置叫皮下腹膜入口裝置 ,將它移植在臍上 ,埋在皮下 ,內(nèi)部開口在腹腔 ,開關(guān)每日向腹腔內(nèi)注射所需INS[11]。因此 ,直腸給藥是一條頗為理想的給藥途徑。 經(jīng)皮給藥 皮膚中的水解酶活性很低 ,可利于 INS 透皮給藥 ,但這種大分子 共 12 頁 第 10 頁 蛋白質(zhì)一般難于穿透皮膚 ,離子導入技術(shù)可使其在電場作用下透過皮膚角質(zhì)層而被吸收入血。 INS 主要通過眼結(jié)膜和鼻淚管黏膜吸收進入體循環(huán)而達到降糖效果。 INS 吸收還與劑量濃度和運動有關(guān) ,劑量越大、濃度越高 ,吸收越慢 ,并且運動也會使吸收率增加。 dosage form。 INS 泵 INS 泵治療糖尿病 ,可有效地模擬 INS 的持續(xù)基礎(chǔ)分泌和進餐時的脈沖式釋放 ,把 INS 輸注到病人的體內(nèi) ,維持血液中 INS 水平 ,縮短控制高血糖的時間 ,減少低血糖發(fā)生 ,減輕病人多次皮下注射 INS 的痛苦 ,INS 泵是強化治療的最佳手段。 鼻腔給藥 鼻黏膜內(nèi)血管豐富 ,黏膜上蛋白酶含量也比胃腸道中少 ,減少了INS 被酶破壞失活 ,提高了藥物的生物利用度。超聲促滲技術(shù)可以顯著提高藥物經(jīng)皮吸收 ,提高藥物局部濃度 ,是經(jīng)皮給藥一種極具潛力的替代方式。為了增加吸收 ,需要向其中加入吸收促進劑。 INS 肺部給藥制劑目前很引人注目 ,這對糖尿病人來說將是一個很大的福音。因此 ,非注射途徑應用 INS 一直是人們探索的理想途徑。s condition and needs, choose the most suitable mode of administration, to meet the needs of individual treatment [19]. References: 共 12 頁 第 6 頁 [1] Shaikh IM, Jadhav KR, Ganga S, et approaches in insulin delivery [J].Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 20xx,6 (5) :387395. [2]Chen Yan. Diabetes insulin Treatment of [M]. Beijing: Golden Shield Press ,20xx:156159. [3] Zhong Yiping. insulin topical treatment of pressure ulcers [J]. Nurses Training Magazine, 20xx,17 (1): 486. [4]Cefalu WT. Evolving strategies for insulin delivery and therapy [J]. Drugs, 20xx,64 (11) :11491161. [5] Li Changchen Type 2 diabetes, evaluated the pros and cons of insulin therapy [J]. Practical Diabetology, 20xx,10 (2): 10. [6]Brain the opportunity of tight glycaemic control inhaled insulin:Safety[J].Diabetes Obes Metab,20xx,7(Suppl 1): 1418. [7]Gonzalez C,Kanevsky D,DeMarco R, routes forinsulin administration:Current state and perspectives[J].ExpertOpin Drug Deliv,20xx,3(6):763770. [8]Cefalu strategies and feasibility of noninvasive insulin delivery[J].Diabetes Care,20xx,27(1):239246. [9]Ramdas M,Dileep KJ, Anitha Y,et encapsulated bioadhesive chitosan microspheres for intestinal drug delivery[J].JBiomater Appl,1999,13(4):290296. [10] Wu Hung, Ping their best, Songbin Mei, et al. Chitosan and chitosan EDTA conjugates doublecoated oral insulin nanoliposomes [J]. Pharmaceutical University, 20xx,39 (11): 933 938. [11] An Honglian, Xu Chunhua. insulin injections in different ways and nursing [J]. Practical Nursing, 20xx,18 (9): 48. [12] to the Ding. diabetes, how to do 300 [M] . Beijing: Beijing Medical University and Peking Union Medical College Press, 1997:156. [13] Yungchi L, Pahala S, Samnel H, of brij78 on systemic delivery of insulin from an oculardevice [J]. J Pharm Sci, 1997, 86 (4): 430. [14] Owens DR, Zinman B, Bolli G. Alternative routes of insulin delivery [J]. Diabet Med, 20xx,20 (11) :886898. [15] Cernea S, Raz I. Noninjectable methods of insulin administration [J]. Drugs Today (Barc), 20xx,42 (6) :405424. [16] Wang Jing, Yin Shiyu, Gong Xiaoling. Noninsulin injection Research progress [J]. Nursing Research, 20xx,21 (4B): 953. [17] Ryszka F, Calich B, Dolinska B, adminstrati