【正文】 76?；疑?、灰白色，隱晶質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，中層狀構(gòu)造，巖體節(jié)理較發(fā)育，Ⅴ級(jí)次堅(jiān)石 ， σ 0＝ 1000kPa，風(fēng)化層厚 ～ 1m，Ⅳ級(jí)軟石， σ 0＝ 700kPa。 主要研究方法 對(duì)于隧道結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，首先利用 設(shè)計(jì) 軟件進(jìn)行建立計(jì)算模型，即使用階段結(jié)構(gòu)安全性檢算采用“荷載 — 結(jié)構(gòu)”模式，二襯結(jié)構(gòu)采用彈性平面梁?jiǎn)卧M，彈性抗力石家莊鐵道大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 5 以及隧底地基均采用彈簧單元模擬 ， 組合荷載根據(jù)不同作用方向分別轉(zhuǎn)換成等效節(jié)點(diǎn)力施加在相應(yīng)的單元結(jié)點(diǎn)上 。 ③ 噴射混凝土支護(hù)。 (5)圍巖破壞范圍大：由于軟巖隧道中圍巖的強(qiáng)度與地應(yīng)力的比值很小，因此，軟巖隧道圍巖的破壞范圍大，特別是當(dāng)支護(hù)不及時(shí)或不當(dāng)時(shí)，圍巖破壞區(qū)的范圍可達(dá) 倍洞徑，甚至更大。 、走向與隧道軸線交角小于 40176。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 軟巖隧道 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 施工組織設(shè)計(jì) Abstract Soft rock tunnel stability of the tunnel construction process has a great influence, so the tunnel during the construction methods of excavation and support is very important for the design of two water tunnels in soft rock and its characteristics, the construction of drilling and blasting method three step method excavation section, from excavation to support the entire process to plete, fully embody the New Austrian Method the essence to ensure the stability of the tunnel itself. According to the New Austrian Method construction requirements, the paper design for the following main contents include: structural design of tunnel lining, tunnel lining structure of the second calculation and construction design,construction anization for the process and methods of excavation and support a detailed description of the construction process encountered adverse geological location,the corresponding measures,while supporting the construction of the tunnel design work briefly. Two water tunnel lining structure using posite lining,curved wall section in the form of arched cross section,reserved for deformation of 35cm,initial support of bolt， spray,mesh and supporting structure,secondary lining thickness 60cm,with reinforcement 5Φ22,longitudinal connecting bars using Φ14,hoop with Φ8. Key words： Soft rock tunnel construction design construction anization 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 ....................................................................................................................... 1 選題意義 .................................................................................................................. 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 .............................................................................................................. 1 軟弱圍巖對(duì)隧道失穩(wěn)的影響 .......................................................................... 1 軟巖隧道失穩(wěn)破壞特征 .................................................................................. 2 軟弱圍巖隧道設(shè)計(jì)理論 .................................................................................. 3 軟巖隧道支護(hù)方法現(xiàn)狀及其支護(hù)作用機(jī)理 ................................................. 3 主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及研究方法 ..................................................................................... 4 主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 .................................................................................................. 4 主要研究方法 .................................................................................................. 4 第 2 章 工程概況及工區(qū)劃分 .......................................................................................... 6 工程概況 .................................................................................................................. 6 隧道概況 .......................................................................................................... 6 工程地質(zhì)和水文地質(zhì)特征 .............................................................................. 6 工區(qū)劃分及設(shè)計(jì)區(qū)段選定 ..................................................................................... 8 主要工程特點(diǎn)、 難點(diǎn) ............................................................................................. 9 工程特點(diǎn) .......................................................................................................... 9 工程難點(diǎn)及采取的對(duì)策與措施 ...................................................................... 9 第 3 章 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................. 10 主要設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)及技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ................................................................................... 10 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) ........................................................................................................ 10 設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ........................................................................................................ 10 結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算原理 ........................................................................................................ 10 計(jì)算模型 ................................................................................................................ 11 計(jì)算工況 ........................................................................................................ 11 計(jì)算荷載 ........................................................................................................ 11 計(jì)算參數(shù) ........................................................................................................ 11 計(jì)算模型 ........................................................................................................ 12 內(nèi)力計(jì)算 ................................................................................................................ 12 結(jié)構(gòu)檢算 ................................................................................................................ 14 第 4 章 施工組織設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................... 18 施工總體部署 ........................................................................................................ 18 施工準(zhǔn)備 ........................................................................................................ 18 施工組織機(jī)構(gòu)、施工隊(duì)伍安排及勞動(dòng)力配備 ........................................... 18 臨時(shí)工程規(guī)劃及施工總平面布置 ................................................................ 19 施工進(jìn)度安排 ................................................................................................ 21 主要施工方法及機(jī)械配套 ................................................................................... 21 斜井的施工