freepeople性欧美熟妇, 色戒完整版无删减158分钟hd, 无码精品国产vα在线观看DVD, 丰满少妇伦精品无码专区在线观看,艾栗栗与纹身男宾馆3p50分钟,国产AV片在线观看,黑人与美女高潮,18岁女RAPPERDISSSUBS,国产手机在机看影片

正文內(nèi)容

空調系統(tǒng)外文翻譯(留存版)

2025-02-01 20:30上一頁面

下一頁面
  

【正文】 ements such as fluorine or chlorine (King, 1986). Zeotropes and azeotropes are mixtures of two or more different refrigerants. A zeotropic mixture changes saturation temperatures as it evaporates (or condenses) at constant pressure. The phenomena is called temperature glide. At atmospheric pressure, R407C has a boiling (bubble) point of –44176。 thus, R410A cannot be used as a dropin refrigerant for R22. R410A systems utilize pressors, expansion valves, and heat exchangers designed specifically for use with that refrigerant. Ammonia is widely used in industrial refrigeration applications and in ammonia water absorption chillers. It is moderately flammable and has a class B toxicity rating but has had limited applications in mercial buildings unless the chiller plant can be isolated from the building being cooled (Toth, 1994, Stoecker, 1994). As a refrigerant, ammonia has many desirable qualities. It has a high specific heat and high thermal conductivity. Its enthalpy of vaporization is typically 6 to 8 times higher than that of the monly used halocarbons, and it provides higher heat transfer pared to halocarbons. It can be used in both reciprocating and centrifugal pressors. Research is underway to investigate the use of natural refrigerants, such as carbon dioxide (R744) and hydrocarbons in air conditioning and refrigeration systems (Bullock, 1997, and Kramer, 1991). Carbon dioxide operates at much higher pressures than conventional HCFCs or HFCs and requires operation above the critical point in typical air conditioning applications. Hydrocarbon refrigerants, often thought of as too hazardous because of flammability, can be used in conventional pressors and have been used in industrial applications. R290, propane, has operating pressures close to R22 and has been proposed as a replacement for R22 (Kramer, 1991). Currently, there are no mercial systems sold in the . for building operations that use either carbon dioxide or flammable refrigerants. 外文翻譯 空調系統(tǒng) 內(nèi)蒙古科 技大學畢業(yè)設計說明書 7 過去 50 年以來,空調得到了快速的發(fā)展,從曾經(jīng)的奢侈品發(fā)展到可應用于大多數(shù)住宅和商業(yè)建筑的比較標準的系統(tǒng)。 之后制冷劑經(jīng)過一個熱交換器叫做蒸發(fā)器,它吸收通過蒸發(fā)器的空氣或水的熱量,如果空氣經(jīng)過蒸發(fā)器在流通 ,該系統(tǒng)叫做一個直接膨脹式系統(tǒng),如果水經(jīng)過蒸發(fā)器在流通 ,它叫做冷卻設備,在任何情況下,在蒸發(fā)器中的制冷劑不直接和空氣或水接觸,在蒸發(fā)器中,制冷劑從一個低品位的兩相液體轉換成在正常的工藝條件下過熱的蒸汽。 R410有微小的足夠溫度滑動 (少于 C,10176。在 1998年,第一個使用 R410A的空調設備的住宅在美國出現(xiàn)。 R410A系統(tǒng)利用特定的壓縮機,膨脹閥和熱交換器來利用該制冷劑 . 氨廣泛地被在工業(yè)的冷卻設備和氨水吸收式制冷中用,它具有可燃性并且分毒性等級為內(nèi)蒙古科 技大學畢業(yè)設計說明書 10 B,因此在商業(yè)建筑物中使用受到限制,除非冷卻設備的制造工廠獨立于被冷卻的建筑物之外。 ASHRAE組制冷劑 (表 )根據(jù)它們的毒性和易燃性 (ASHRAE,1994)劃分的。 所有在生產(chǎn)中的機械冷卻產(chǎn)生的熱量必須經(jīng)過冷凝器散發(fā),在許多例子中,在冷凝器中這個熱能被直接散發(fā)到環(huán)境的空氣中或間接地散發(fā)到一個冷卻塔的水中。在 1998年, 83%的新建住宅安裝了中央空調 ( 人口普查局 , 1999)。C (150176。 商業(yè)的建筑物從比較大的多層的辦公大樓到街角的便利商店,占地面積和類型差別很大,因此應用于這類建筑的設備類型比較多樣,對于比較大型的建筑物,空調設備設計是總系統(tǒng)設計的一部分,這部分包括如下項目 :例如一個管道系統(tǒng)設計,空氣分配系統(tǒng)設計,和冷卻塔設計等。 空調的制冷能力常用冷噸或千瓦 (千瓦 ) 來表示,冷噸是一個度量單位,它與制冰廠在 24小時內(nèi)使 1噸 (907 公斤 )的水結冰的能力有關,其值是 (12,000 Btu/hr),空調的冷卻能力不要和產(chǎn)生冷量所需的電能相互混淆。在 A1中的制冷劑通常用在建筑空調設備方面的,包括 R11, R12, R22, R134a,和 R410A。人們通常認為碳化氫制冷劑易燃且比較危險,但它在傳統(tǒng)的壓縮機中和有的工業(yè)設備中都可以被使用。 2020年之后, R22不允許生產(chǎn) (環(huán)保署 ,1993b)。 F), 產(chǎn)生了 7176。 冷凝器是一個熱交換器,用于將制冷劑的熱量傳遞到冷卻介質中,制冷劑進入冷凝器變內(nèi)蒙古科 技大學畢業(yè)設計說明書 8 成過冷液體,用于冷凝器中的典型冷卻介質是空氣和水,大多數(shù)住宅建筑的冷凝器中使用空氣作為冷卻介質,而大型系統(tǒng)的冷凝器中采用水作為冷卻介質。F). An azeotropic mixture behaves like a single ponent refrigerant in that the saturation temperature do
點擊復制文檔內(nèi)容
研究報告相關推薦
文庫吧 www.dybbs8.com
備案圖鄂ICP備17016276號-1