【正文】 90%.The streamflow into Bohai sea in the last half centuryGroundwaterfromdecrease82toChina℃ oftoSymposium on Environmental Changes and Efficient Use of Agricultural Resources, (Oct. 21~22, 2023, Shijiazhuang, China)Agricultural water saving studies for a sustainable water management in the North China Plain (NCP)Changming LiuAgricultural Resources Research Center, CASKey Lab, IGSNRR, CAS, Water Science College BNU Outline p Major features of NCP’s water resourcesp Main Water issues: rapid socialeconomic development and climate changep Agricultural watersaving: the highlightsp Discussions of some ideas of watersavingp Agricultural watersaving: Policy Countermeasuresp Majorfeaturesnorthern1960ChinaThe distribution of Drought in the spring of 2023Wheat seedings that have withered in NCP?Consecutivedramaticdramatically,aboutEastinMinistrybeenGlobalseasonGroundwater level desceningObserved at Luancheng stationSummary: to save groundwater in the NCP is very urgent p Agricultural watersaving: A highlightWatersaving is core of rational water management? To adapt to climate change ? To realize highest potential use of available water? To increase water economy with high benefit? To control blind development of regional water resources and promote water demand management ? To maintain ecoenvironment against degradation ? To foster participation management institutionsWatersaving—”Killing Many Birds With One Stone”！Water saving is the best for adaptation to climate change impact on water resources p Discussions of some ideas of watersaving: water cycle / five water interactions 2. interface control of water fluxes3. agricultural watersaving system ++1 1098765432Five=(6)RG(地表水地下水關(guān)系 )n =3， bination = 10：(4)PSG(降水入滲補給地下水 )；(8)GVR(地下水與地表水關(guān)系的植物影響 )；grainhumidityDifferencelengthcharactersSoilvariousinterfaceindexMaturecanbrackishagriculturalalternativesurfaceflow)Alternative Strategic measures:1.MajorfilmIntermittentpressurebreedingsavinginteraction.soiloftransferGroundwaterSoilconductanceRootRootradiationand(3)VRSG(7)GSP(三水轉(zhuǎn)化 )；(3)PRV(降水徑流的初損 )；nlevelPlain),ofeResearchIndia2023streamflow intoNCPdroughtinincrease aboutal.)The NCP has a population of about billion, accounting for 12% of China’s total population.The daily water consumption per capita has been increasing from less than m3 in 1959, to more than m3 in 1995, and to more than m3 in 2023 Attribution: Water stress from increased water demand. Irrigation demand approached a limit.pChina’sariditywaterfeaturesMain Water issues: Rapid development Water stress from increased water demand: increased water consumption per capita.pyearsthannationalinthe1960sregions(mmaveraged(theNationaldatasubsystem(1)PR(降雨徑流 )； ofstomaPrecipitationVegetationInterceptionAlbedoBiomassLAISpatialdepthSoiluptakemovementnWaterwateroptiosindexMatureGrainfillingAnathesisStemelongationRecoveragePredormancyGrowingmaize‘Watersaving agriculture’ is a plex system involving agronomic and hydraulic engineering techniques in the integrated management of water