【正文】
sesT KSG ???? 1)( ( 31) 式 31 中, K 為對象放大系數(shù); T 為對象時間常數(shù); ? 為對象時滯。國際標準熱電偶有 S、 B、 E、 K、 R、 J、 T 七種 類型,在本系統(tǒng)中,我們選用了 K 型熱電偶(分度表如表 31 所示),其測溫范圍大約是 0~ 800℃。 S7200 PLC 屬于小型整體式的 PLC, 本機自帶 RS485 通信接口、內(nèi)置電源和 I/O 接口。初始化程序的主要內(nèi)容有:對某些數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)、計數(shù)器等進行清零,對某些數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)所需數(shù)據(jù)進行恢復(fù),對某些繼電器進行置位或復(fù)位,對某些初始狀態(tài)進行顯示等等。 (1) 系統(tǒng) I/O 設(shè)備的選擇 。 評估控制任務(wù) 根據(jù)系統(tǒng)所需完成的控制任務(wù),對被控對象的生產(chǎn)工藝及特點進行詳細分析,特別是從以下幾個方面給以考慮。 可 從 監(jiān)控界面上啟動和停止系統(tǒng)、設(shè)定溫度上下限、設(shè)置 PID 參數(shù)等。但其工作方式卻與計算機有著較大的不同,具有一定的特殊性。 PLC 的對外功能主要是通過各種 I/O 接口模塊于外界聯(lián)系來實現(xiàn)的。 PLC 的應(yīng)用范圍通??煞譃殚_關(guān)邏輯控制、運動 控制、過程控制、機械加工中的數(shù)字控制、機器人控制、通信和聯(lián)網(wǎng)等 [5]。 同時利用 亞 控公司的 組態(tài)軟件 “組態(tài)王 ”設(shè) 計一個人機界面( HMI), 通過串行口與可編程控制器通信, 對控制系統(tǒng)進行全面監(jiān)控,從而使用戶操作更方便。6)溫度控制系統(tǒng)既有控制精度高、抗干擾能力強、魯棒性好的特點。舉個例子來說,在一座工廠里頭,我們要搜集工廠各個區(qū)域的溫度、濕度以及工廠中機器的狀態(tài)等等的信息透過一臺主控器監(jiān)視并記錄這些參數(shù),并在一些意外狀況發(fā)生的時候能夠加以處理。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 溫度控制 ; 可編程控制器 ; 人機界面 ; 組態(tài)王 沈陽理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 II Abstract Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a kind of automatic control equipment which is widely used in the industrial manufacture. It merges the traditional control technology, puter and munication technologies with a strong ability to control, flexible operation, high reliability and suitable for longterm characteristics of continuous work. It is very suitable for temperature control requirements. In the industrial field, with the rapid increase in the degree of automation, it is more and more important to monitor the process of control system for the users. The emergence of humanmachine interface meets the needs of users. Manmachine interface can prehensively monitor the control system, including process monitoring, alarm, data logging and other functions, so that the control syste ms have bee userfriendly operation, the process of visualization and it will play more and more important part in the field of automatic control. Thesis mainly introduces a design of temperature control system with SIMATIC programmable logic controller (PLC) and configuration software Kingview which is developed by Beijing Yakong Company. When programming, we use the PID control arithmetic software module which is contained in the program software STEP 7 Micro WIN so that the program looks easier and operates more quickly. In order to monitor the control system and process data in actual time, we designed Human Machine Interface( HMI) with the configuration software Kingview. The result of experiment proves that this temperature control system could run quickly, accurately and have good stability, which is the advantage of the control system. This control system has been widely used in the industrial temperature control field. With the continuous development of automatic science and technology, highprecision, intelligent, userfriendly temperature control system is the inevitable trend of development at home and abroad. Keywords: Temperature Control; PLC; HMI; Kingview 沈陽理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 III 目 錄 1 緒論 ..........................................................................................................................1 項目背景、意義 ................................................................................................ 1 溫控系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................................ 2 項目研究內(nèi)容 .................................................................................................... 3 2 PLC 和 HMI 基礎(chǔ) ....................................................................................................5 可編程控制器基礎(chǔ) ............................................................................................ 5 可編程控制器的產(chǎn)生和應(yīng)用 ..................................................................... 5 可編程控制器的組成和工作原理 ............................................................. 5 可編程控制器的分類及特點 ..................................................................... 8 人機界面基礎(chǔ) .................................................................................................... 8 人機界面的定義 ......................................................................................... 8 人機界面產(chǎn)品的組成及工作原理 ............................................................. 8 人機界面產(chǎn)品的特點 ................................................................................. 9 3 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 ....................................................................................10 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的基本原則和步驟 .......................................................... 10 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的基本原則 .............................................................. 10 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的一般步驟 .............................................................. 11 PLC 的選型與硬件配置 .................................................................................. 13 PLC 型號的選擇 ...................................................................................... 13 S7200 CPU 的選擇 ................................................................................. 13 熱電式傳感器 ........................................................................................... 14 TAC16P 系列單相調(diào)功 /調(diào)壓電力調(diào)整器 ............................................... 15 I/O 點分配及電氣接線圖 ................................................................................ 16 PLC 控制器的設(shè)計 .......................................................................................... 18 控制系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立 ....................................................................... 18 PID 控制及參數(shù)整定 ............................................................................... 19 4 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 .......................................................................................22 PLC 程序設(shè)計方法 .......................................................................................... 22 編程軟件 STEP7MICRO/WIN 概述 .............................................................. 23 STEP7Micro/WIN 簡單介 紹 ........