【正文】 ree from the traditional iambic pentameter and wrote “ free verse” . Whitman and Dickinson ? 6. Masterpieces: ? “ Song of Myself” ? “ There was a Child Went Forth” ? “ In Crossing Brooklyn Bridge” ? “ Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” () ? “ When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed” () ? 7. Whitman’ s Influence ? Whitman’ s influence over modern poetry is great in the world as well as in America. His best work has bee part of the mon property of Western culture. ? Many poets in England, France, Italy, and Latin America are in his debt, esp. by his optimism and innovation as a poetprophet and poetteacher. ? T. S. Eliot, Pound, Hart Crane, Carl Sandburg Whitman and Dickinson ? II. Emily Dickinson (18301886) ? 1. Literary status ? A secluded poetess ? “ Mother” of American Poetry and American Modern Poetry ? 2. Life ? a Calvinist family ? Her father, a Whig lawyer and treasurer of Amherst College ? Read widely such as the Bible, Shakespeare, Keats ? Began writing seriously in her twenties ? 1775 poems altogether, 7 published in her life Whitman and Dickinson ? 3. Her Ideas ? Calvinism。s masterpiece is published serially in the National Era in 18511852 and as a book in 1852. It became a bestseller in the United States and England and went on to sell three hundred thousand copies the first year. By 1900 it had been translated into fortytwo languages. II. Uncle Tom39。s Cabin is dominated by a single theme: the evil and immorality of slavery. Stowe pushed home her theme of the immorality of slavery on almost every page of the novel, sometimes even changing the story39。s final theme, which is the exploration of the nature of Christianity and how she feels Christian theology is fundamentally inpatible with slavery. Mark Twain （ 18351910） ? Pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens ? Literary Status ? leading figure of local colorism /language reformer of English novel ? Novelist, humorist, lecturer, journalist, literary and cultural critic ? monumental figure in the development of western novel ? Life and Career: ? Born in Florida and brought up in the small town of Hannibal, Missouri, on the Mississippi River (a slave state then) ? born two weeks after the closest approach to Earth of Halley39。伊莎貝爾為之動心；他的女兒 帕茜 ，也引起她的愛憐。拉爾夫死后，伊莎貝爾出乎眾人的預(yù)料，又回到羅馬。s work provides one of the best English examples of catching the entire flavor of an age. O. Henry had an inimitable hand for isolating some element of society and describing it with an incredible economy and grace of language. Major Works The Gift Of The Magi 麥琪的禮物 A Service Of Love 愛的奉獻(xiàn) The Last Leaf 最后的常春藤葉 The Cop And The Anthem 警察和贊美詩 Lost on Dress Parade 華而不實 An Unfinished Story 沒有完的故事 The Man Higher Up 黃雀在后 After Twenty Years 二十年以后 Two Thanksgiving Day Gentlemen 兩位感恩節(jié)的紳士 A Service of Love 愛的犧牲 Shearing The Wolf 虎口拔牙 The Unknown Quantity 未知數(shù) While The Auto Waits 汽車等待的時候 The Whirligig of Life 生活的波折 Withes‘ Loaves 女巫的面包 Hearts and Hands 心與手 The Hypotheses of Failure 失算 The Green Door 綠色門 The Handbook of Hymen 婚姻手冊 “ Next To Reading Matter” “ 醉翁之意” A Service of Love 愛的犧牲 The Gift of the Magi is the story of a young married couple. It is Christmas Eve and all the money that Della has saved for Jim’ s gift totals one dollar and eightseven cents. Della and Jim have two possessions that are the treasures of the household, Della’ s hair, which is their pride and joy and Jim’ s watch, which is an inheritance from his grandfather. Summary Della leaves the house and sells her glorious hair for $20. Then she races around town and spends $21 buying a platinum watch chain. She hurries home and tries to fix her hair so that Jim will not be too upset by her appearance. Click this to read the whole story: When Jim es home, he seems dumbstruck. Finally, Jim gives her the gift he bought for her. It is a pair of tortoise shell bs that Della has long coveted. Della is thrilled but her joy is quickly followed by sorrow as she realizes she has no hair to wear the bs in. She resolves her feelings by telling Jim that her hair grows fast. Suddenly, Della remembers her gift to Jim. Jim’ s response is to smile and tell Della that he sold the watch to buy the bs and that perhaps they should put their gifts up and save them for a later time. Henry James (1843— 1916) Life a wealthy cultured family father an eminent philosopher and reformer brothera famous philosopher and psychologist developed a lifelong friendship with Howells, who became his “ moral police.“ (道德榜樣 ) He settled down in London in 1876. In the Harvard Law School, he read French novelists and critics. He toured England, France and Italy, and met Flaubert and Turgenev. the cultural influence of Europe In 1915 he became a British citizen. Henry James’ Education ? Greatest flexibility, a “ sensuous education” : ? 18431844 the family stayed in Europe ? 18541860 again ? 1869 1870 his first trip to Europe alone ? 18721874 travelling with his sister ? 1875 moved to Paris ? 1876 moved to London ? 1877 back to Paris ? 1879 back to London ? 1883 returned to England for good Henry James’ Expatriation ? Reasons: – the death of his parents in 1881 – dissatisfaction with the material world of the US: “ thin, raw, monotonous, undefined” (Hawthorne) – the attraction of the rich European culture: form, style, social variety, beauty, art and a present suffused with the past – the artistic and literary life in Europe Literary career: three stages ? a. 1865~1882: international theme ? The American 《 美國人 》 ? Daisy Miller 《 黛西米勒 》 ? The Portrait of a Lady 《 貴婦畫像 》