【正文】 impact on people39。 positions, and responding to leadership requests for head counts on specific bills. The Whip takes the lead in actively encouraging party discipline and unity, and in persuading rebellious Members to vote with the party. He also notifies Members with alerts on floor schedules and timing of votes. 眾議院少數(shù)黨黨鞭 House Minority Whip (Steny Hoyer, DMD) ? The Minority Whip performs the same functions for the Democratic party as his Majority counterpart. 參議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖 Senate Majority Leader (Bill Frist, RTN) ? The Senate Majority Leader is leader of the majority party in the Senate and is also responsible for scheduling the Senate39。 第三節(jié) 國(guó)會(huì)的權(quán)力 ? 二、對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)權(quán)力的限制 ? 第一條修正案 〔 1791〕 國(guó)會(huì)不得制定關(guān)于下列事項(xiàng)的法律：確立國(guó)教或禁止宗教活動(dòng)自由；限制言論 自由或出版自由；或剝奪人民和平集會(huì)和向政府請(qǐng)?jiān)干暝┑臋?quán)利。 ? 〔 八 〕 合眾國(guó)不得授予任何貴族爵位。s agenda overall. 參議院多數(shù)黨黨鞭 Senate Majority Whip (Mitch McConnell, RKY) ? Chief Assistant to the Majority Leader. The assistant leaders are responsible for keeping track of how their party39。s Senators for scheduled floor votes and quorum calls, and substituting for the Majority or Minority Leader as needed on the Senate floor. The full extent of their duties depends on their relationship with their party39。 第四節(jié) 國(guó)會(huì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和組織 ? 一、立法機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的制約與平衡 ? 參議院：平等體現(xiàn)各州利益，抑制過(guò)度民主行為 ? 眾議院：以人數(shù)為依據(jù)，體現(xiàn)多數(shù)人意志 ? 一院制與兩院制的比較 ? （ 1） 一院制：效率高、耗資少，有利于提高立法機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)量 ? （ 2）兩院制：體現(xiàn)聯(lián)邦主義、可以分工處理更多的事務(wù)、相互制約 第四節(jié) 國(guó)會(huì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和組織 ? 二、國(guó)會(huì)的組織 ? 奇數(shù)年的 1月召開(kāi)全體大會(huì)，建立本屆國(guó)會(huì)的組織，修改或重新制訂規(guī)則 ? 選拔領(lǐng)袖 ? 工作兩年 眾議院議長(zhǎng) Speaker of the House (Dennis Hastert, RIL) ? The Speaker is both the presiding officer of the House of Representatives and the leader of the majority party. He is also second to the VicePresident in the line of succession to the Presidency. The Speaker plans and implements the legislative agenda of the House, has administrative control over much of the operations of the House, and controls appointments to special mittees and delegations. He also refers legislation to mittees, may place deadlines on mittee action, and chairs the mittee which appoints majority party members to their mittee assignments. 眾議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖 House Majority Leader (Tom DeLay, RTX) ? The Majority Leader acts as deputy to the Speaker. He schedules legislation for the floor, taking into account factors of political timing as well as policy importance. He acts as a spokesman for the party position during floor debate, plans legislative and political strategy for his party, mediates political disputes among majority party Members, and negotiates agreements with the minority, all under the direction of the Speaker. 眾議院少數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖 House Minority Leader (Nancy Pelosi, DCA) ? The Minority Leader is her party39。s ） ? 10:00 . Briefing by FAA officials for Members of Congress who represent families of vicitms of Pan Am Flight 103 議員的一天（ Sample Daily Schedule for a Member of Congress ） ? 12:00 with telemunications officials ? 12:00 with personal friend at Watergate Hotel ? 1:30 on Science Space Applications Hearings 議員的一天（ Sample Daily Schedule for a Member of Congress ） ? 3:00 with officials of The National Alliance for Animal Legislation ? 4:30 with delega