【正文】 動機的機械能平穩(wěn)地傳給 車輪，以其良好的乘坐舒適性、方便的操作性、優(yōu)越的動力性、良好的安全性奠定了它在汽車工業(yè)的主導(dǎo)地位。漸開線行星齒輪傳動就是近 40 年來為滿足這種需要而發(fā)展起來的新型齒輪傳動形式之一。由于采用行星齒輪式變速箱進(jìn)行傳動和變速 ，具有體積小、操縱容易、變速比大等優(yōu)點，故被廣泛地應(yīng)用于液力自動變速器上。 2）把液力機械自動變速器在不同檔位時行星排的效率分為行星排嚙合效率和軸承效率兩個部分，推導(dǎo)了齒輪嚙合效率計算公式。經(jīng)過上述的組合后，該機構(gòu)成為一種具有4 個獨立元件的行星齒輪機構(gòu)。它的缺點是結(jié)構(gòu)很復(fù)雜，其工作原理更難理解，應(yīng)用不是很廣泛。由于齒圈通過輸出軸和驅(qū)動輪連接，在汽車起步行駛時轉(zhuǎn)速很低， 9 長行星輪在帶動齒圈朝順時針方向轉(zhuǎn)動的同時，對行星架產(chǎn)生一個逆時針方向的力矩，而行星架在 1 檔單向離合器 F1 逆時針方向的鎖止作用下固定不動，從而使發(fā)動機動力經(jīng)輸入軸、后太陽輪、短行星輪、長行星輪傳給齒圈和輸出軸。 倒檔：倒檔時，倒檔及直接檔離合器 C2和低檔及倒檔制動器 B2同時工作，使輸入軸同前太陽輪連接，同時低檔及倒檔制動器 B2 產(chǎn)生制動，將行星架固定。斜齒輪輪齒間基本嚙合效率的計算式相似于直齒輪。最后得出了不同檔位時整個行星排總效率的計算式。隨著優(yōu)化設(shè)計的普及，用于優(yōu)化設(shè)計的軟件也越來越多、功能越來越強大。 AT 的致命弱點是效率低，本文以此為出發(fā)點，通過對 拉威娜 自動變速器的行星排進(jìn)行分析，得出了效率計算的準(zhǔn)確公式。裝有自動變速器的汽車能根據(jù)路面狀況自動變速變矩，駕駛者可以全神貫注地注視路面交通而不會被換擋搞得手忙腳亂。 D(Drive)：前進(jìn)擋，用在一般道路行駛。 變速齒輪機構(gòu)主要包括行星齒輪機構(gòu)和換檔執(zhí)行機構(gòu)兩部分。 在液壓控制系統(tǒng)中，增設(shè)控制某些液壓油路的電磁閥，就成了電器控制的換擋控制系統(tǒng)，若這些電磁閥是由電子計算機控制的，則成為電子控制的換擋系統(tǒng)。 29 附錄 2 Automatic transmission with easy and fortable to drive, motorists can reduce the fatigue of the advantages of modern cars has bee a kind of configuration development. Automatic transmission equipped vehicles according to road conditions change moment automatic transmission, the driver can concentrate on the road to monitor traffic and makeshift will not be confused. Automotive automatic transmission has three mon forms: They are sweet hydraulic automatic transmission (AT), mechanical stepless automatic transmission (CVT), electronically controlled automatic transmission machinery (AMT). At present, the widespread use of the car is AT, AT bee almost synonymous with automatic transmission. AT by hydraulic Torque, plaary gears and hydraulic control system, hydraulic and transmission gear bination approach to achieve the speed change moment. One hydraulic Torque AT is the most important ponents, which pumps round, and the turboround lead, and other ponents, both torque transmission and clutch. The automatic transmission gear In general, the automatic transmission into gear P, R, N, D, 2,1, or L, and so on. P (Parking): used for parking purposes, it is the use of mechanical locking device to the rotating part of the car so that the vehicle can not move. When the car need to stay in a fixed position for a longer period, or after leaving the vehicle to stop *, players should pull brake lever and promote the P position. It should be noted that: The vehicle must be pletely stopped before they can block the use of P, otherwise automatic 30 transmission will be part of the mechanical damage. In addition, automatic transmission cars [neutral start switch devices, motor vehicles can only be made in the P or N in order to start the engine block, and other gear in order to avoid misuse of the vehicle suddenly starts channeling ago. R (Reverse): reverse gear, the vehicle reversed. Usually allocated according to the insurance button on a post in order to lever will be moved to the r block. It should be noted that: when the vehicle has not yet es to a plete halt, must not be forced to r block, or transmission will be seriously damaged. N (Neutral): neutral. Lever will be placed in N gear, engine and transmission between the separation of power has been cut off. As a brief stopover can be placed lever and pull off the hand brake rod, the right foot can be removed from the brake pedal a little rest. D (Drive): forward gear, with road traffic in general. Since there are different models of the designs, D from a general ward off high block or 2 off high gear and as a result of changes in speed and load automatically shift. Lever will be placed in the D block, at the wheel speed to control the pace as long as the control pedal it. 2 (Second Gear): 1 block to block progress, but the only transmission in a block, block 2 between the change will not jump to block 3 and block 4. 2 will be placed on the gear lever, the car will be a starting block, when the rate increases will automatically switch to a block. 2 can be used to block the upper and lower slopes, the benefits of this section of the block wh en climbing or down ramp, the vehicle will maintain a stable block in 1 or 2 position block, will not load on the ramp or not the speed Balanced, nonstop to block transmission. Dropin slope, the use of lowspeed engine braking for the resistance and will not make the car more the faster the line. 1 (First Gear): 1 block progress is blocked, but the only transmission in 31 a block to work. Can not transform into other gear. Use it in a serious traffic congestion and a greater angle of the slope on the best to perform their functions. On the slopes or under the slope, they can make full use of the car39。在發(fā)動機運轉(zhuǎn)時，不論汽車是否行駛，油泵都在運轉(zhuǎn)，為自動變速器中的變矩器、換擋執(zhí)行機構(gòu)、自動換擋控制系統(tǒng)部分提供一定油壓的液壓油。上斜坡或下斜坡時，可充分利用汽車發(fā)動機的扭力。 R(Reverse)：倒擋，車輛倒后之用。從論文的選題、研究、撰寫到定稿，無不滲透著導(dǎo)師的心血郭秦老師高尚的品德、淵博的學(xué)識、深邃的思想、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度、精益求精的工作作風(fēng)、開拓的創(chuàng)新思維、教書育人的責(zé)任心都給我留下了深刻的印象，將使我受益匪淺，終生難忘。 本章小結(jié) 本章用優(yōu)化軟件 Matlab 對 AT 各個檔位行星排的齒輪參數(shù)進(jìn)行了參數(shù)優(yōu)化。而對于變速器而言，行星排齒輪的齒數(shù)和模數(shù)是固定的，因此這里不把齒數(shù)和模數(shù)選為設(shè)計變量。 一檔 二檔 三檔 四檔 嚙合效率 軸承效率 液力損失 總效率 行星排各個檔位的傳動效率 由計算結(jié)果可以看出：自動變速器在不同檔位時的效率不相等。其中兩個前進(jìn)檔是行星排輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速低于輸入軸轉(zhuǎn)速的減速傳動（即 1 檔和 2 檔），直接檔是輸入軸轉(zhuǎn)速和輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速相等的直接傳動，超速檔是輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速高于輸入軸轉(zhuǎn)速的升速傳動。由于前后太陽輪成為一個整體，兩者以相同轉(zhuǎn) 速歲輸入軸轉(zhuǎn)動，因此短行星輪和長行星輪不能做自轉(zhuǎn)，只能同前后太陽輪一起公轉(zhuǎn)，同時帶動行星架以相同轉(zhuǎn)速隨后太陽輪轉(zhuǎn)動，從而導(dǎo)致齒圈及前后行星排所有元件作為一個整體，一同轉(zhuǎn)動。 拉威娜行星齒輪機構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu) 拉威娜式行星齒輪機構(gòu)由于元件配置比較靈活，在行星齒輪機構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)不做大的改變的前提下，可以通過換擋執(zhí)行元 件的不同組合方式，獲得 3或 4 個前進(jìn)擋的傳動比。兩個行星排共用一個齒圈和一 個行星架。 行星齒輪變速機構(gòu) 在自動變速器中，兩排或多排行星齒輪機構(gòu)聯(lián)接在一起，用以提供滿足汽車行 駛需要的多種傳動比。在汽車自動變速器中通常采用由 2 個或 3 個單排行星齒輪機構(gòu)組成的多排行齒輪機構(gòu)。如用于大型膠帶輸送機的 NGW153 型雙排直齒行星減速器，用于礦井提升機的 XL30 型行星減速器等。 6）零件使用壽命長。它是自動變速傳動技術(shù)中發(fā)展最為