【正文】 they provide benefits but cost money to produce” “… measures and systems of measures should only be used if the benefits they provide exceed their costs” (Merchant, 2022) Market Measures Pros amp。 objectives municate key success drivers direct attention to critical success factors coordinate activities necessary for achievement Organisational Goals Formal Performance Measurement System Individual Manager?s Goals System of Organisational Rewards A : Aspects of behaviour which are necessary for achieving wider anisational purposes. B : Aspects of behaviour which managers are likely to concentrate on, in fulfillment of their personal goals. C : Behaviour formally measured by management control systems. A B C Source : Hopwood (1973, 1974) Influencing Behaviour through Management Control Systems Eaglet plc – Company Mission… Eaglet?s Balanced Score Card… “ …plete measures of performance for decision facilitating purposes should be inclusive of both the activities and the results which need to be performed and achieved” (Simons, 1995) “…precision is essentially the inverse of the variance in the performance measure or, in other words, the lack of ?noise? in the measure” (Banker amp。 Cons… Congruence ? do not reflect well changes in the firm’s economic value ? Controllability ? affected by many of the same macroeconomic distortions that affect the market measures ? affected by interdependencies within the firm ? Completeness ? reflect only results (outes), not activities amp。 Larcker (1998) Combinations of Measures Pros amp。 Larcker (1998) AccountingBased Measures Pros amp。 Merchant (1989) Otley?s Performance Management amp。 units operating in different environments and settings ! + Cost effective, as produced for financial reporting purposes ! + Consistent with areas monitored by the main stakeholders ! Sources : Merchant (2022) 。 information