【正文】 reto圖分析3，完成問題陳述：8，完成財(cái)務(wù)評(píng)估。工藝流程圖（PFD）:6 Sigma 工藝流程圖的要素：所有工藝步驟包括隱形工廠數(shù)據(jù)采集點(diǎn)所有設(shè)備/工具各步驟表明增值性（VA）和非增值性（NVA）控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符號(hào)繪制工藝流程：在Microsoft OfficeTM 等軟件中可找到 定性測(cè)量系統(tǒng)研究:定性型量具 Ramp。工藝能力計(jì)算實(shí)例一位技師負(fù)責(zé)醫(yī)院設(shè)備的蒸汽殺菌過程。R Study(Crossed)StatQuality ToolsGage Run Chart9，對(duì)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)能力研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析10，確定適當(dāng)?shù)暮罄m(xù)措施定量型量具 Ramp。 6
What is the shortterm process capability? What is the longterm process capability?
Are these good or bad values?Remember, one goal of Six Sigma is toreduce variation, which will increasecapability. It is always important tounderstand the process capability. Preparing Data for Marginal Plot by “Slot”
Marginal plots require both variables to be defined numerically
We need to convert “Slot” to a numeric column first
Step 1: Convert “Slot”
ManipCodeText to NumericManip Code Text to NumericMultiVari Analysis – Defined
A graphical analysis tool Uses logical subgrouping
Analyzes the effects of discrete X’s on continuous Y’s
A capability and process analysis tool
Data collected for a relatively short time
Data can estimate capability, stability, and y = f(x)’s
Major focus: study uncontrolled noise variation first Variation in noise variables produces chronic and acutemean shifts, changes in variability, and instability
Noise variation must be reduced or eliminated in order toleverage the important controllable variables systematicallyMultivari analysis is a very useful toolfor graphically identifying sources ofvariation, especially noise variation. Laterthis week, we will be studying correlation amp。E matrix
Before or after the control plan, depending on the maturityof the processWhy?Warm up exercise:
You have 60 seconds to document: What would you want to know about a “defect”?
For the process:
FMEA improves the reliability of the process
An FMEA identifies problems before they occur
FMEA serves as a record of improvement amp。R）6 Sigma 首選測(cè)量量具與工藝偏差相比其性能如何使用時(shí)應(yīng)小心。R 結(jié)論:，集思廣益并列出所有可能引起問題發(fā)生的因子。？4，繪制宏觀圖。a1宏觀圖a目標(biāo)《6 Sigma項(xiàng)目運(yùn)作實(shí)例》《定義階段》如何進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目問題陳述如何進(jìn)行問題陳述？分六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行問題陳述：工藝流程圖程序:繪制工藝記載的工藝步驟包括所有檢查點(diǎn)，測(cè)量指標(biāo)和傳運(yùn)步驟確認(rèn)所有數(shù)據(jù)采集點(diǎn)標(biāo)示各工序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制文件各步驟標(biāo)明為增值性（VA）或非增值性（NVA）確認(rèn)各工藝步驟的 X 和 Y標(biāo)明可能消除的NVA 步驟加入并標(biāo)明“隱形工廠”工段標(biāo)明為VA或NVA，標(biāo)明可能消除的步驟標(biāo)明須指定控制文件的步驟加入DUP，RTY，COPQ，循環(huán)周期等估計(jì)值標(biāo)明須進(jìn)行量具和工藝能力研究的步驟通過直接或秘密觀察確認(rèn)準(zhǔn)確性R 術(shù)語:檢驗(yàn)員分?jǐn)?shù)（%）在定性型Ramp。其中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)是控制“暴露”階段的溫度。R Minitab 實(shí)例:一個(gè)黑帶想對(duì)冶金工藝使用的溫度表進(jìn)行量具研究，他嚴(yán)格按前面一頁的方法進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，并將數(shù)據(jù)輸進(jìn)了Ramp。regression (an analysis of the effect ofcontinuous X’s on continuous Y’s), analysisof variance (ANOVA) and the General LinearModel (GLM), both numerical analyses ofvariance data.Multivari analyses will help identify thevariation sources with the purpose of reducingor eliminating them.A MultiVari Plan1. Clearly state the objective2. List the X’s and Y’s to be studied3. Ensure measurement system capability4. Describe the sampling plan5. Describe the data collection amp。 the Camp。量具研究偏差并不一定代表真實(shí)的工藝偏差P/TV（%Ramp。定性型量具 Ramp。用 直線連到箭頭線上。5問題的嚴(yán)重程度是什么？a循環(huán)時(shí)間b2第一年節(jié)省 $175K？文件記錄/確認(rèn):文件記錄的工藝流程首先繪制記錄下來的工藝加入并標(biāo)明隱形工廠步驟當(dāng)所有步驟展示出來后，流程圖就屬于實(shí)際工藝確認(rèn)流程圖的準(zhǔn)確性至關(guān)重要項(xiàng)目組必須花時(shí)間觀察工藝秘密進(jìn)行。R檢驗(yàn)過程中，檢驗(yàn)員前后一致的比例定性數(shù)據(jù)定性（合格/不合格）數(shù)據(jù)，可用來做記錄和分析定性型測(cè)量系統(tǒng)把每個(gè)部件與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行比較，從而決定部件是否符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。設(shè)備室溫度和在最小飽和蒸汽濃度的周期時(shí)間決定殺菌程度在整個(gè)設(shè)備室維持前后一致的溫度范圍很重要。 中。 storage plan (who, what, when, etc.)6. Describe the procedure and settings used to run the process7. Assemble and train the team. Define responsibilities8. Collect the data9. Analyze the data10. Verify the results11. Draw conclusions. Report results. Make remendationsInjection Molding Example1. Clearly state the objective Determine the process capability of the injection molding process Determine the major sources of noise variation2. List the X’s and Y’s to be studied Output: Thickness Inputs: Cavity (slot), cycle, sample3. Ensure measurement system capability An MSA was conducted and the system was found capable4. Describe the sampling plan One sample from each slot, five consecutive runs, four times aday for five days.5. Describe the data collection amp。E matrix team.
May need to add a rep from quality, a supplier, reliability
When should the FMEA be constructed?
After the process map amp。R）6 Sigma 首選測(cè)量量具與量具研究偏差相比其性能如何最適合進(jìn)行工藝改進(jìn)的評(píng)估使用時(shí)應(yīng)小心。R試驗(yàn)，核實(shí)調(diào)整后的有效性3. 在箭頭上下寫上傳統(tǒng)因素類型名稱*或你懷疑是的類型名稱。？b4最少的資金總額b項(xiàng)目的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（評(píng)估）1確定主要商業(yè)問題：1問題是什么？觀察導(dǎo)致行為改變確認(rèn)實(shí)際工藝設(shè)置與記錄的設(shè)置相同跨班跨機(jī)器觀察工藝如何繪制工藝流程細(xì)圖:工藝流程細(xì)圖：6 Sigma 工藝流程圖要素：工藝或產(chǎn)品是輸出指標(biāo)Y和輸入指標(biāo)X標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上下限和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制文件所用設(shè)備/工具繪制工藝流程細(xì)圖工藝流程細(xì)圖必須依工藝流程圖而畫。消費(fèi)者偏見員工傾向把合格產(chǎn)品判為廢品有效篩選分?jǐn)?shù)（%）在定性型Ramp。第一步：確認(rèn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)這一階段常被忽視。運(yùn)用Minitab分析數(shù)據(jù)并評(píng)估量具能力StatQuality ToolsGage Ramp。 storage plan (who, what, when, where,etc.) The supervisor collected the data and entered it in a worksheet6. Describe the procedure and settings used to run the process Standard, constant process settings.7. Assemble and train the team. Define responsibilities. For a small project, the supervisor did all the work8. Collect the data. The data are in Minitab worksheet 9. Analyze the data Analysis is on the following slides ponents early in designstage Process – Focuses on process flow, sequence, equipment, tooling,gauges, inputs, outputs, set points, etcWho? When?
Who constructs the FMEA?
The Black Belt is the team leader.
The process owner inherits the finished FMEA.
Use the process mapping, Camp。測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的測(cè)量方法P/TV:精確度與總偏差之比代表量具偏差占據(jù)總偏差的部分此部分通常用百分率來表示最好情形10% 量具可接受條件30%測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的指標(biāo)分辨指數(shù) :分辨指數(shù)是測(cè)量系統(tǒng)從工藝數(shù)據(jù)中可辨認(rèn)的不同讀數(shù)的數(shù)量分辨指數(shù)是一個(gè)分辨率指標(biāo)分辨指數(shù)是重復(fù)性和復(fù)制性的函數(shù)最好情形：4 ，可接受的：34P/T 和 P/TV 的用處:P/T （% 公差）最常用于測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的精確度評(píng)估將量具的精確度與公差要求進(jìn)行對(duì)比如果量具用來對(duì)生產(chǎn)樣品進(jìn)行分類 P/T 還可以P/SV（%Ramp。R 的方法:準(zhǔn)備從工藝中挑選30個(gè)部件，50%合格，50%次品可能的話，挑選近乎于合格和不合格樣本挑選檢查人員受過完全培訓(xùn)的和有資格的實(shí)施要求每一個(gè)檢查人員隨機(jī)地檢查部件，決定合格與不合格并重復(fù)此檢查評(píng)估將結(jié)果載入文件如果必要，采取適