【正文】 ower the quality and efficiency of its failure to promote the use of. 5039。設(shè)計過程也如我所料，遇到不少的問題。 密封的分類及密封件的材料要求密封的作用是阻止泄漏。[12] 盡可能按推薦的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行設(shè)計，盡量做到結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、緊湊、加工、裝配和維修方便。[6]其主要設(shè)計參數(shù)如下：D=50 d= t=3 h0= H0= P=12000N f= H0f= σM=1250N/㎜2 σⅡ =1430 N/㎜2 Q=D/t≈18 h0= E=206000N/㎜2 μ= K4=1 C=2 壓平彈簧的負(fù)載：PC= （式71） K1==， （式72）P/Pc=5000/8410= 因為h0/t= (查表所得) 所以 f=h0= 所以對合組合的片數(shù)為I= 取12片.未受負(fù)載的高度是HZ==22=受負(fù)載時的高度H1=HZif==壓平彈簧時(f=h0)M點的應(yīng)力 σM= （式73）此數(shù)據(jù)與60Si2MnA的屈服極限1400接近碟形彈簧的剛度 P== （式74）第八章 螺釘聯(lián)接的設(shè)計設(shè)計要求：，并應(yīng)該根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和力流方向使螺釘受力合理，加工與安裝方便。fn速度系數(shù)fn=ε壽命指數(shù)。多數(shù)軸承，還應(yīng)在過盈狀態(tài)下滾動體與滾道之間有一定的預(yù)變形，這就叫做軸承的預(yù)緊。數(shù)控機(jī)床上，主軸軸承潤滑方式有：油脂潤滑、油液循環(huán)潤滑、油霧潤滑、油氣潤滑等方式。在同精度的軸承中深溝球軸承的價格最低。選擇軸承類型應(yīng)考慮多種因素，如軸承所受載荷的大小、方向及性質(zhì)；軸向的固定方式；轉(zhuǎn)速與工作環(huán)境；調(diào)心性能要求；經(jīng)濟(jì)性和其他特殊要求等。如果要求得到很光的加工表面，主軸又是水平的，可用滑動軸承。3. 主軸的軸端結(jié)構(gòu)主軸的軸端是用于安裝夾具和刀具。同時極限轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)下降。6. 提高主軸組件抗振性的措施（1）盡量縮短主軸前軸承結(jié)構(gòu)的長度， 適當(dāng)增大跨矩；（2）盡量提高前軸承的剛度和阻尼；（3）提高前軸承的精度，把推力軸承放在前支撐初可提高抗振性；（4）對高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的零件作靜、動平衡，提高齒輪、主軸的制造精度都可適當(dāng)減少強(qiáng)迫振動源；（5）對于非連續(xù)切削過程的銑削，滾削等加裝飛輪可減少振動；（6）應(yīng)用阻尼器消耗振動能量是有效的措施；考慮系統(tǒng)的固有頻率，避免共振。通常抵以主軸前端產(chǎn)生單位位移時，在位移方向上所施加的作用力大小來表示。當(dāng)主軸做回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動時，線速度為零的點的連線稱為主軸的得回轉(zhuǎn)中心線。同步帶主要用于要求傳動比準(zhǔn)確的中、小功率傳動中，如計算機(jī)、錄音機(jī)、磨床和紡織機(jī)等。（2）傳動效率高，可達(dá)98%以上。（2）主軸在以工作速度旋轉(zhuǎn)時，測量上述兩項精度稱為運(yùn)動精度。（6） 加工精度高、質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定。這類系統(tǒng)的信息流是單向的，即進(jìn)給脈沖發(fā)出去以后，實際移動值不再反饋回來，所以稱為開環(huán)控制。1 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)是數(shù)控機(jī)床的核心，是數(shù)控機(jī)床的“指揮系統(tǒng)”。近幾年來，由于對切割質(zhì)量、勞動環(huán)境等的要求越來越高，其相應(yīng)產(chǎn)品在我國的市場需求量也逐年上升。我國工廠的板材下料中應(yīng)用最為普遍的是數(shù)控銑床和等離子切割，所用的設(shè)備包括手工下料、仿形機(jī)下料、半自動切割機(jī)下料及數(shù)控切割機(jī)下料等。與其他切割方式比較而言，手工下料隨意性大、靈活方便，并且不需要專用配套下料設(shè)備。在我國的數(shù)控銑床設(shè)備生產(chǎn)行業(yè)中，由于缺乏切割理論研究與生產(chǎn)實踐相轉(zhuǎn)換的機(jī)制，因此新技術(shù)運(yùn)用不廣、新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)速度不快，制約了數(shù)控銑床技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和運(yùn)用。 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)通常是一臺帶有專門系統(tǒng)軟件的專用微型計算機(jī)。這類機(jī)床較為經(jīng)濟(jì)，但加工速度和加工精度較低。（7） 生產(chǎn)效率高。4. 主軸的靜剛度和抗振性由于數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工精度比較高，主軸的轉(zhuǎn)速又很高。（3） 傳動平穩(wěn)可靠，噪聲小。[13] 材料選擇根據(jù)設(shè)計要求，選用聚氨酯同步帶，由帶背、帶齒、抗拉層三部分組成?；剞D(zhuǎn)中心線的空間位置，每一瞬間都是變化的，這些瞬間回轉(zhuǎn)中心線的平均空單位轉(zhuǎn)移不為理想回轉(zhuǎn)中心線。主軸組件的剛度越大，主軸受力的變形就越小。7. 減少主軸組件熱變形的措施（1）把熱源移至機(jī)床以外。～，實際尺寸要在主軸組件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計時確定。要求夾具和刀具在軸端定位精度高、定位好、裝卸方便，同時使主軸的懸伸長度短。滾動軸承適當(dāng)預(yù)緊可以增大阻尼，但過大的預(yù)緊反而使阻尼減少，故選擇預(yù)緊時還應(yīng)該考慮阻尼的因素。滾動軸承的選，用原則課概括如下。同型號不同公差等級軸承的價格比為：P0:P6:P5:P4=1:::6。此次設(shè)計選用的是油脂潤滑方式。軸承預(yù)緊后，內(nèi)部無間隙，滾動體從各個方向支承主軸，有利于提高運(yùn)動精度。 對球軸承ε=3；對滾子軸承ε=10/3。正確確定液壓缸的安裝和固定方式。造成泄漏的原因主要有兩方面：一是密封面上有間隙；二是密封部位兩側(cè)存在較大壓力差。幸好在此過程中常得到高老師的指導(dǎo)、同學(xué)們的幫助，讓我基本上解決了問題，完成了設(shè)計。s hydraulic transmission from the military into civilian and new applications are running on the machine, a hydraulicdriven engineering machinery, tractors and bine harvesters, and so on. With the improvement of the industrial level, is now a welldesigned, wellmanufactured hydraulic system has no oil leakage phenomenon. Using highstrength materials, hightech surface treatment technologies and highprecision machining quality of hydraulic ponents, the efficiency of the transmission are no longer defective. A hydraulic accumulator for the storage of hydraulic ponents mechanical energy storage pound on the braking system in the United Kingdom, the United States, Denmark, Sweden and Germany have conducted. In Denmark, P. Buchwald, and other scholars in the city buses are equipped with brake accumulator energy transmission system, transmission system imposed by the posite of different control strategies, will enable the fuel economy of vehicles increased 30 percent fuel savings . During the trial bench of the test also receive a high rate of fuel. Swedish scholars on energy accumulator in the braking traction lootives and forklift on the application of a theoretical study, concluded that: accumulator energy storage flywheel energy storage than the braking system braking more effective. To 1985, Germany has been equipped with a braking system accumulator storage buslike vehicle. MAN. Hydrobus through projections, stefen. Martin concluded: bus brake system into storage after the brake system, three years savings vehicles can be modified cost recovery, but also at the same time reducing the emission engine Benefits. In recent years, Canada, some Japanese scholars are continuing research in this area, the wells will result applied for a patent. At present, Sweden introduced a new series of energysaving hydraulic drive system: Cumulo hydrostatic drive system [2], as shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 is the . Environmental Protection Agency and the Ford joint study of a drive hybrid device [3], to the displacement of SUV cars more suitable for the use of such devices by flooding. These technological developments for the authors of the new flooding in the SUV vehicle drive system laid the foundation for the application.2 new SUV drive vehicle drive system of the basic programme Flooding of the new SUV vehicle drive system design structure as shown in Figure 3. Series and its hydrostatic drive system different is that it abolished the middle rearwheel drive devices, directly to the hydraulic pump / motor vehicles installed in the back two wheels, while off devices to drive more efficient, CVT to the magnetic clutch, retained control of the actuator frontwheel drive, so reducing the number of the efficiency of energy conversion and loss. In peacetime conditions and the general urban highway used two rear wheels on the drive to meet the need, without the need for a fourwheel drive to save fuel consumption, in a number of specific occasions (such as crosscountry, etc.) can hang up before Wheel drive vehicle to increase the dynamic performance. In this way, users can satisfy some of the momentum of the vehicle requirements, can save fuel consumption of motor vehicles, reducing vehicle emissions, to achieve environmental protection and energy conservation requirements. New drive vehicle drive system of the working principle: the engine work, from ECU engine control intermittent work in the best economy of the region, through the magnetic clutch enginedriven hydraulic pump connected to the hydraulic system and hydraulic energy storage Provides highpressure oil. Rearwheel cars have a secondary ponent in the drive vehicles moving from hydraulic pump and