【正文】 表32 各齒輪參數(shù)表編號齒數(shù)材料熱處理硬度模數(shù)分度圓直徑中心距齒寬12640Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC575440Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC5222240Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC6132165713340Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC1986631940Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC6114165623640Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC2165741640Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC696165533940Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC2344852640Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC6156195533940Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC2344862840Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC6168195893740Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC2228471840Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC6108195594740Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC2825483840Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC171270918240Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC3698691940Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC6114270967140Cr調(diào)質(zhì)后表面淬火48~55HRC42691第四章 軸的設(shè)計本章節(jié)中計算公式及計算參數(shù)來自濮良貴、紀(jì)名剛編。1）多聯(lián)齒輪的尺寸計算：2）（）齒輪對的計算：d1=m==369mm，d2=m==171mm，中心距a==270 mm. 齒寬圓整為：B1=91mm，B2=86mm。4） 多聯(lián)齒輪對的校核：由于這兩對齒輪的小齒輪都比16大，因此都能滿足彎曲強度和接觸強度。2） 選用7級精度。（）的計算 選定精度等級、材料及齒數(shù)：① 確定齒輪類型因為該對齒輪無須承受軸向力，且要滑移黏合，故選兩齒輪均為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)直齒圓柱齒輪。 齒輪運動和動力參數(shù)的確定 各軸輸入功率 圖21 結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)圖 圖22 傳動系統(tǒng)簡圖圖23 轉(zhuǎn)速圖 各軸輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩 綜合以上參數(shù)，制表表格如表21：表21 各軸功率、轉(zhuǎn)速、轉(zhuǎn)矩軸號軸Ⅰ軸Ⅱ軸Ⅲ軸Ⅳ軸Ⅴ功率（）轉(zhuǎn)速(）145069830轉(zhuǎn)矩（）49397995572350005960002100000，各軸轉(zhuǎn)速用最小轉(zhuǎn)速，以滿足強度要求：第三章 齒輪設(shè)計本章節(jié)中計算公式及計算參數(shù)均來自濮良貴、紀(jì)名剛編。l 積木式組合設(shè)計 基本參數(shù)采用優(yōu)先數(shù)，尺寸規(guī)格整齊，零件通用性和互換性強，系列容易擴充和花樣翻新，利于組織批量生產(chǎn)和降低成本。設(shè)計重點解決的問題是：傳動方案設(shè)計，變速箱整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計與操縱機構(gòu)設(shè)計。 輸出轉(zhuǎn)速：30~1500r/min，18級； 要求操作簡單，有效。該機構(gòu)廣泛應(yīng)用于在機床主傳動系統(tǒng)與進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)中。同時有利于提高工人在工作中的工作效率，帶來一定的效益。2） 初選螺旋角。設(shè)計計算：m≥= mm=為了更好的滿足接觸強度要求，取m為6mm。8） 由圖1018取彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù)9） 計算彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力：去彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)S=. ==360Mpa，==368Mpa。17） 取第二級傳動比最大的傳動比計算轉(zhuǎn)矩： 。28） ，傳動比u=. 傳動效率 。于是得： 軸Ⅱ軸的材料為45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，根據(jù)《機械設(shè)計》表153，取=112，于是得： 軸Ⅲ軸的材料為45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，根據(jù)《機械設(shè)計》表153，取=112，于是得： 軸Ⅳ軸的材料為40Cr，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，根據(jù)《機械設(shè)計》表153，取=104，于是得： 軸Ⅴ軸的材料為40Cr，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，根據(jù)《機械設(shè)計》表153，取=97，于是得：二 軸的強度校核 軸Ⅰ的載荷分析圖如圖47。軸承壽命所以選用6405軸承可以滿足要求。軸承壽命所以選用軸承N210E可以滿足要求。則：當(dāng)量動載荷軸承壽命所以選用軸承6009可以滿足要求。則：當(dāng)量動載荷軸承壽命所以選用6014軸承不符合壽命要求，故改選軸承為軸承N314E，并重新計算軸承壽命。為使操縱方便，本次設(shè)計采用集中式操縱機構(gòu)，采用孔盤變速。 this improves machinability. The size, shape, distribution, and concentration of these inclusions significantly influence machinability. Elements such as tellurium and selenium, which are both chemically similar to sulfur, act as inclusion modifiers in resulfurized steels.Phosphorus in steels has two major effects. It strengthens the ferrite, causing increased hardness. Harder steels result in better chip formation and surface finish. Note that soft steels can be difficult to machine, with builtup edge formation and poor surface finish. The second effect is that increased hardness causes the formation of short chips instead of continuous stringy ones, thereby improving machinability.Leaded Steels. A high percentage of lead in steels solidifies at the tip of manganese sulfide inclusions. In nonresulfurized grades of steel, lead takes the form of dispersed fine particles. Lead is insoluble in iron, copper, and aluminum and their alloys. Because of its low shear strength, therefore, lead acts as a solid lubricant (Section ) and is smeared over the toolchip interface during cutting. This behavior has been verified by the presence of high concentrations of lead on the toolside face of chips when machining leaded steels.When the temperature is sufficiently highfor instance, at high cutting speeds and feeds (Section )—the lead melts directly in front of the tool, acting as a liquid lubricant. In addition to this effect, lead lowers the shear stress in the primary shear zone, reducing cutting forces and power consumption. Lead can be used in every grade of steel, such as 10xx, 11xx, 12xx, 41xx, etc. Leaded steels are identified by the letter L between the second and third numerals (for example, 10L45). (Note that in stainless steels, similar use of the letter L means “l(fā)ow carbon,” a condition that improves their corrosion resistance.)However, because lead is a wellknown toxin and a pollutant, there are serious environmental concerns about its use in steels (estimated at 4500 tons of lead consumption every year in the production of steels). Consequently, there is a continuing trend toward eliminating the use of lead in steels (leadfree steels). Bismuth and tin are now being investigated as possible substitutes for lead in steels.CalciumDeoxidized Steels. An important development is calciumdeoxidized steels, in which oxide flakes of calcium silicates (CaSo) are formed. These flakes, in turn, reduce the strength of the secondary shear zone, decreasing toolchip interface and wear. Temperature is correspondingly reduced. Consequently, these steels produce less crater wear, especially at high cutting speeds.Stainless Steels. Austenitic (300 series) steels are generally difficult to machine. Chatter can be s problem, necessitating machine tools with high stiffness. However, ferritic stainless steels (also 300 series) have good machinability. Martensitic (400 series) steels are abrasive, tend to form a builtup edge, and require tool materials with high hot hardness and craterwear resistance. Precipitationhardening stainless steels are strong and abrasive, requiring hard and abrasionresistant tool materials.The Effects of Other Elements in Steels on Machinability. The presence of aluminum and silicon in steels is always harmful because these elements bine with oxygen to form aluminum oxide and silicates, which are hard and abrasive. These pounds increase tool wear and reduce machinability. It is essential to produce and use clean steels.Carbon and manganese have various effects on the machinability of steels, depending on their position. Plain lowcarbon steels (le