【正文】 uring points of failure, when the rotational speed is up to 1000r / min, vibration increases suddenly, but field operation personnel to the control room to report, delayed time opening cylinder inspection found high pressure inner cylinder drain pipe fracture, high pressure rotor shaft bending analysis that exceed the standard, high pressure cylinder starting of large temperature difference in the effects of deformation, leading to steam seal and shaft friction cause permanent bending, the straight shaft processing recovery after operation.The accident case especially in recent years the accident of main shaft bending of main shaft bending of that, to prevent the anti accident measures have yet to be carried out seriously occurrence of large shaft bending, will cause the machine long time of shutdown, the disassembly of the straight shaft, using pressurized straight shaft, the rotor gradually heated to above 650 degrees C can be pressurized, because the heating process is easy to fail to rework, often prolonged period, resulting in a passive and trouble to power , in order to prevent the accident of main shaft bending, should be bined with actual equipment situation, prehensive carry out seriously or reference implementation of Ministry of water and electricity fire word [1985] 87 and [1985] radical fire word no. 69, issued on the prevention of main shaft bending of 200 MW unit technical measures, all measures to fulfil requirements, field operation procedures and operation management, maintenance management, equipment management, and to emphasize the following points:(1) in accordance with the prevention of main shaft bending of the requirements of technical measures, organize main duty personnel and factory, workshop in charge of running the leading and professional personnel to master the technical data and exact data, such as large shaft swaying of scales measuring installation position, main shaft swaying of the original value, unit shafting bearings and start normal operation the original vibration value, flow path radial, axial clearance value and so on, so that the mander and the operator to know the score.(2) according to the unit equipment, implementation of the technical measures to prevent the cylinder inlet (the specific narrative, here does not start).(3): units must be examined before the start of swaying of main shaft does not exceed the original value 。3h后才投上電動(dòng)盤車，大軸晃度逐漸恢復(fù)到原始值。發(fā)生大軸彎曲，將造成機(jī)組長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停運(yùn)，解體進(jìn)行直軸，采用加壓直軸，需將轉(zhuǎn)子逐步加熱到650℃左右才能加壓，由于加熱過程中易發(fā)生故障返工，往往拖長(zhǎng)工期，給電廠工作造成被動(dòng)和麻煩。大軸彎曲事故絕大多數(shù)發(fā)生在機(jī)組啟動(dòng)中，特別是熱態(tài)啟動(dòng)中，因此對(duì)大中型機(jī)組的啟動(dòng)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（指負(fù)責(zé)啟動(dòng)的廠、車間領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）一定要持慎重態(tài)度，堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)格按規(guī)程規(guī)定和技術(shù)措施要求啟動(dòng)機(jī)組。停機(jī)后仍應(yīng)連續(xù)盤車4h（中間停盤車時(shí)按上述要求增加盤車時(shí)間），方可再次啟動(dòng)。后解體檢查，經(jīng)檢查該機(jī)高壓缸向B列偏移，前側(cè)偏移1mm多，安裝時(shí)就未裝定位銷，導(dǎo)致運(yùn)行中不均勻受力使汽缸偏移。 汽輪機(jī)大軸彎曲汽輪機(jī)在不具備啟動(dòng)條件下啟動(dòng)，由于上下缸溫差大、大軸存在臨時(shí)彎曲、汽缸進(jìn)水、進(jìn)冷汽，機(jī)組強(qiáng)烈振動(dòng)以及動(dòng)靜間隙小等因素，引起大軸與靜止部分摩擦，將會(huì)造成大軸彎曲。、低壓旁路可知，旁路閥泄露1%，低壓旁路比高壓旁路機(jī)組的影響更大；減溫閥泄露1%，高壓旁路比低壓旁路機(jī)組的影響更大；旁路閥泄露1%，減溫閥動(dòng)作時(shí)，低壓旁路比高壓旁路機(jī)組的影響更大。抽汽效率。對(duì)于運(yùn)行電廠，可用等效熱降法分析技術(shù)改造；用以分析熱系統(tǒng)節(jié)能技術(shù)改造收到的良好效果，可為改造提供確切的技術(shù)依據(jù)。2 等效熱降概述及其概念 簡(jiǎn)捷計(jì)算熱力系統(tǒng)的常規(guī)計(jì)算的目的，在于確定熱力系統(tǒng)各部分蒸汽或水的參數(shù)及流量，機(jī)組的功率和熱經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)（汽耗量、熱耗量、熱耗率和煤耗率等）。閥前蒸汽參數(shù)為超高壓或亞臨界甚至達(dá)到超臨界參數(shù)，因此閥前管道一般設(shè)計(jì)為低合金鋼（10CrMo910等），而閥后參數(shù)經(jīng)過閥門后均有很大的降低，管材一般為普通碳鋼材料，一般只在閥門出口約5—8m為低合金材料。再熱器 汽機(jī)高壓缸加熱器的疏水采用逐級(jí)自流，不設(shè)疏水泵。隨著機(jī)組容量與參數(shù)的不斷提高，使得凝汽式汽輪機(jī)組熱力系統(tǒng)得組成日趨復(fù)雜，系統(tǒng)中局部因素對(duì)機(jī)組熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性的影響越來越受到人們的重視。分類號(hào)　　　　　　　　　　　　鄭州電力高等?？茖W(xué)校畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）題　　　　目 600MW汽輪機(jī)旁路泄露熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析　并列英文題目 600MW steam Turbine bypass leakage of thermal heat economy analysis 摘要：本課題通過研究600MW熱力發(fā)電廠熱力系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算汽輪機(jī)組各經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo)。對(duì)于運(yùn)行時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的機(jī)組，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在高溫高壓的工況下機(jī)組零部件跑、冒、滴、漏的情況時(shí)有發(fā)生時(shí)。各高低壓加熱器均有疏水冷卻段。過熱器在工作時(shí)不僅要承受相當(dāng)大的內(nèi)壓，而且由于工況的變化和噴水減溫的作用，還要承受在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)溫度劇烈變化所引起的熱沖擊和熱載荷。（5）廠家在對(duì)閥座、閥芯密封面損壞部分進(jìn)行補(bǔ)焊時(shí)，焊接材料硬度不夠或焊后出現(xiàn)變形，致使閥桿、閥芯同軸度超標(biāo)。在火電廠的設(shè)計(jì)中，用以論證方案的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性，探討熱力系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備中各種因素的影響以及局部變動(dòng)后的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，是熱力工程和熱系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的有利工具。1號(hào)加熱器為了加熱這部分水，因而抽汽量應(yīng)增加 由于在和加熱器中增加了抽汽份額，并產(chǎn)生了作功不足，故加熱器排擠一公斤抽汽返回汽輪機(jī)的作功等于 這個(gè)作功稱為抽汽的等效焓降，并用符號(hào)表示。裝置熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性相對(duì)降低為：假如減溫水閥1%泄露做功減少循環(huán)吸熱量不變低壓旁路減溫水調(diào)節(jié)閥泄露引起裝置熱經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)降低：所以：低壓旁路減溫水閥調(diào)節(jié)閥泄露1%時(shí)，%三．低壓旁路調(diào)節(jié)閥、低壓旁路減溫水調(diào)節(jié)閥都泄露 份額分別為首先計(jì)算出當(dāng)?shù)蛪号月氛羝孤r(shí)，低壓旁路減溫水閥進(jìn)行噴水減溫， 的計(jì)算：（由設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)查焓熵圖得到）計(jì)算出做功減少循環(huán)吸熱量不變?nèi)绻蛪号月烽y泄露1%時(shí)，減溫水閥相應(yīng)泄露時(shí)做功減少裝置經(jīng)濟(jì)性相對(duì)變化 所以：低壓旁路閥調(diào)節(jié)閥泄露1%時(shí)，%第五章 結(jié)論泄漏量影響旁路閥泄露1%減溫閥泄露1%旁路閥泄露1%，減溫閥動(dòng)作對(duì)高壓旁路的經(jīng)濟(jì)性影響（下降）%%%對(duì)低壓旁路的濟(jì)性影響 （下降）旁路泄露對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)性影響由上表可知：，旁路閥泄露1%，減溫閥動(dòng)作時(shí)對(duì)機(jī)組的經(jīng)濟(jì)性影響最大。若檢修質(zhì)量不良，運(yùn)行操作不當(dāng)，對(duì)異常情況處理的決策不當(dāng)或?qū)o急情況的處理不及時(shí)，都將造成設(shè)備嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞事故，修復(fù)困難，有時(shí)甚至導(dǎo)致設(shè)備報(bào)廢，不僅影響企業(yè)自身經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，而且造成系統(tǒng)出力降低，影響對(duì)用戶的正常供電。因發(fā)電機(jī)斷水保護(hù)誤動(dòng)掉閘，之后經(jīng)連續(xù)幾次啟動(dòng)，都因振動(dòng)大而停機(jī)。（5）啟動(dòng)中在中速以前，軸承振動(dòng)（特別是1號(hào)軸瓦、2號(hào)軸瓦），嚴(yán)禁硬闖臨界線速開機(jī)。當(dāng)啟動(dòng)不順利時(shí)，一定要認(rèn)真分析查找原因，消除異常后按規(guī)定啟動(dòng)，決不可為了趕工期，為了不影響安全考核等等而僥幸闖關(guān)，多次強(qiáng)行啟動(dòng)，在這一點(diǎn)上，決策是否再次啟動(dòng)的各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人員都應(yīng)正確對(duì)待，不符合啟動(dòng)條件的，決不強(qiáng)行啟動(dòng)。因此，為防止大軸彎曲事故，應(yīng)結(jié)合設(shè)備實(shí)際情況，全面認(rèn)真貫徹或參照?qǐng)?zhí)行水電部[1985]電生火字87號(hào)和[1985]基火字69號(hào)文頒發(fā)的《關(guān)于防止200MW機(jī)組大軸彎曲的技術(shù)措施》，把各項(xiàng)措施要求，落實(shí)到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)運(yùn)行規(guī)程和運(yùn)行管理、檢修管理、設(shè)備管理工作中，并強(qiáng)調(diào)以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）按照防止大軸彎曲技術(shù)措施的要求，組織主要值班人員和廠、車間有關(guān)分管運(yùn)行的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和專業(yè)人員切實(shí)掌握各機(jī)組技術(shù)資料及確切數(shù)據(jù)，如大軸晃度表測(cè)量安裝位置、大軸晃度原始值、機(jī)組軸系各軸承正常運(yùn)