【正文】 velopment in recent years. At present domestic to equipment fault diagnosis technology, especially the board level fault diagnosis technology research has made big progress. After 20 years of research and development, and the militaryindustrial plex fault diagnosis technology has wide application in our country, the chemical industry, industrial manufacturing and other fields, such as CNC machine tools, automotive, power generation, Marine, aircraft, satellites, nuclear reactors, etc. 　Second, the modern fault diagnosis technology overview 　　1. Fault diagnosis and main content 　　Fault diagnosis is the essence of object in the diagnosis of malfunction of the premise, through the information input from the outside world or the system itself, through processing, judge the fault types, fault parts (ponents), as to estimate the possible failure time, severity, and the cause of the problem, you can even provide evaluation, decision making and maintenance advice. 　The main content of the modern fault diagnosis should include realtime monitoring technology, fault analysis (diagnosis) technology and fault repair methods of three parts. From information acquisition to fault location, and the fault exclusion, as separate areas of technology development, and the fault diagnosis technology of coordinated development. 　　2. Commonly used methods for nc machine tool fault diagnosis 　 (1) the intuitive method. Maintenance personnel use of sense organs, by the failure of various anomalies such as sound, light, taste, look at CNC machine tool system of each module and circuit, the presence of burn and injury, quickly to reduce the fault area on a module or a piece of printed circuit board. This is one of the most basic and monly used method. 　　 (2) CNC system since the diagnosis. The selfdiagnosis function, numerical control system has bee the important indicators of CNC system performance, the selfdiagnosis function of nc system real time monitor the working state of the numerical control system. Once the abnormal situation occurs, immediately on the CRT display alarming information, or through the leds indicate the fault reason, fault module, this is the most effective maintenance of CNC machine tool fault diagnosis and a method of directly. 　　 (3) function test program. Function program is to test method for the numerical control system monly used function and special function using manual programming or automatic programming methods, as a functional test program, into numerical control system, and then let the numerical control system to run the test program, so as to check the veracity and reliability of machine tools to perform these functions, and then judge the failure positions and failure causes of possible. (4) module switching method. Socalled module switching method is based on the analysis of the general causes of the failure cases, use spare copies of the printed circuit board, templates, integrated circuit chip replace the questionable part or ponent, will function the same template or unit exchanging, observation fault transfer situation, thus fast judgment fault positions method. 　 (5) the theory analysis. According to the principle of CNC ponent, start from the working principle of system ponents for analysis, and judgment, analysis from the logic relation between logic level and characteristic parameters of circuit failure suspects to determine fault positions method. This method does not need high maintenance personnel must be familiar with the working principle of the whole system or each ponent to fixing the fault parts. 　 (6) PLC procedure law. Alarm information based on PLC, consult about the PLC program, control stations corresponding module program, more relevant I/O ponent logic state, judge the fault. 　　Nc machine tool fault diagnosis methods and parameters of the test, measurement and parison method, tapping method, local ShengWenFa, isolation method and open loop test and so on, these methods have different characteristics, several methods often used at the same time the integrated use of maintenance, analysis, and gradually narrowing the scope of failure to achieve the purpose of troubleshooting. 3. Development trend of numerical control machine tool fault diagnosis technology 　　 (1) for the CNC lathe processing inplete information and inaccurate information, more emphasis on information integration strategies and processing technology, the representation method of knowledge。圖44 正常信號頻譜圖45 故障信號頻譜以fc為為中心頻率進(jìn)行帶通濾波，對濾波后的信號進(jìn)行包絡(luò)分析得到如圖和圖的分析結(jié)果，圖46是正常狀態(tài)下的解調(diào)結(jié)果，圖47是故障時的解調(diào)結(jié)果。圖39 數(shù)據(jù)管理程序運用labview中的“讀取數(shù)據(jù)”“和寫入數(shù)據(jù)”兩個控件便能實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的讀取和保存功能。（7） 在Settings 選項卡的Signal Input Range 部分，將Max 和Min分別設(shè)為10和10 。 例如，測量DAQ設(shè)備一條或多條通道的溫度就是一個任務(wù)。具體選擇時應(yīng)根據(jù)工程現(xiàn)場測試、 的硬件要求，同時考慮數(shù)據(jù)采集的要求，合理的選擇相應(yīng)的計算機。頻率范圍(Hz)：～100K 頻率范圍（Hz）：～9K 本課題的研究目標(biāo)是探索一種齒輪故障診斷的新的實施方法——基于虛擬儀器的齒輪故障振斷方法，并且在此基礎(chǔ)上研制出一套可用于齒輪故障診斷的系統(tǒng)。一百八十多年前傅里葉提出了信號在時域和頻域之間的變換關(guān)系，一直以來頻域分析是作為最重要的信號分析手段。（5）其他可忽略成分10實際上不論是齒輪本身存在缺陷和故障，或是由于軸彎曲等其他故障引起齒輪傳動產(chǎn)生異常振動時都可能產(chǎn)生調(diào)制現(xiàn)象，調(diào)制的載波頻率是以嚙合頻率及其倍頻成分為主，是以齒輪本身的各階固有頻率為主，還是以箱體的各階固有頻率為主取決于激勵能量，也表征了故障的嚴(yán)重程度。這種檢測技術(shù)成為共振解調(diào)，它是判斷設(shè)備零件損傷的有效手段。（3）相關(guān)分析信號相關(guān)性指信號之間的線性聯(lián)系或相互依賴關(guān)系。有效值在工程上的應(yīng)用最為廣泛。油膜分析法是通過油液的化學(xué)成分或其中的磨粒數(shù)量、大小、形狀分析對齒輪箱進(jìn)行故障診斷，通常作為一種輔助手段。利用labview的圖形化編程語言來設(shè)計軟件大大縮短了系統(tǒng)開發(fā)時間。同時，用戶也可以十分方便地找到各種適用于測試測量領(lǐng)域的Labview工具包。利用labview編寫程序具有突出的直觀性,快捷性。作者簽名： 日期： 年 月 日學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文齒輪故障診斷虛擬儀器平臺開發(fā)摘要目前的齒輪箱故障診斷研究主要集中在狀態(tài)監(jiān)測儀器和分析系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)、信號處理和分析、故障機理研究和典型故障特征的提取、智能診斷等幾個方面。本人授權(quán)　　 　 　大學(xué)可以將本學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。直觀體現(xiàn)在labview用封裝成圖形的功能控件取代了有雜代碼表示的函數(shù)；快捷體現(xiàn)在labview利用圖形化的控件取代了代碼從而省略用戶輸入代碼的麻煩。國內(nèi)已有不少基于虛擬儀器的故障診斷的研究，但還處于實驗室研究階段。機械設(shè)備的故障診斷技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用是對故障征兆的提取和識別以及對機械設(shè)備的運行狀態(tài)的評價展開的。目前普遍采用的是基于振動的故障診斷方法。平均值能夠反映振動系統(tǒng)整體上的偏移。兩個信號xt和yt的相關(guān)函數(shù)定義為 Rτ=limT?∞1T0Txtyt+τdt 213函數(shù)Rτ的變化反映了信號xt和yt的相關(guān)性。齒輪失效表現(xiàn)為多種形式，常見的齒輪故障類型有：斷齒、點蝕、磨損等。當(dāng)故障較輕時，比如輕微的軸彎曲或面積小、數(shù)量少的齒面點蝕，一般