【正文】 tes, unless you expressyourself clearly and directly, the others cannot understand you.Case 8:She Has Three HandsThis case can reflect the different munication styles between Chinese and Canadians. Inwestern cultures, munication is the means of transmitting ideas. Western people usuallymunicate directly with each other. That is why the Canadian in this case says what is in hismind directly in front of the Chinese woman without hiding anything. While Chinese culturestresses harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the municators. Chinese peopleview munication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a socialrelationship. So the Chinese woman in this case tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face tokeep the “harmonious relationship” between them.Case 9:A Piece of CakeThis case wants us to recognize some ponents of munication. Sender/source refers tothe person who transmits a message. Receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaningto a message. Context refers to a setting or situation within which munication takes place. Inthis case, Marilyn and Richard are simultaneously the senders and receivers. And their room,where the munication event happens and which makes the couple feel fortable andrelaxed, is just the context.Case 10:The Place to Have LunchThis case reflects that munication is contextual, which means that munication doesnot happen in isolation and it must happen within a setting or context. Whether this context isquiet or noisy is important to the smoothness of munication. When the munication eventis disturbed by noise, the munication can not go smoothly. In this case,Case 11:Making an AppointmentThis case can reflect how culture affects its munication style. Each culture encourages aparticular munication style expected within it. This implies not only using correct symbols,but also applying the appropriate munication style for the occasion. Communication stylesinclude mannerisms, phrases, rituals, and munication customs appropriate for varioussituations in a culture. In this case, knowing the munication style of the Americans which ischaracterized by direct, exacting and instrumental, the exporter manager fulfills his jobsuccessfully.Case 12:Why Don’t You Eat the Pizza?This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural munication and howignoring cultural differences can affect munication. In Malaysia, where most people areMuslims, people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and cannot be used to pass food. Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American studentputs himself in an embarrassing situation.Case 13:We and They?This case reflects that in intercultural munication, people always regard themselves as thebest group in the world. This is actually inappropriate and should be avoided.Case 14:Perception of WarThis case can reflect different cultures can give different influences on human perception.People can have very different perceptions even on the same object or phenomenon because theyhave different cultures and are living in the different social realities. In this case, Jim and Olgahave very different attitudes and perceptions towards historical events because their nations’different experiences and histories.Case 15:Observations on a SoldierThis case can reflect the basic model of human perception. Human being is equipped to sensethe outside stimuli and perceive the outside world. And the perception follows a certainmodel—after being gained through the five basic senses, information is processed throughselection, organization and interpretation. In this case, Sherlock Holmes and Mycroft didobservations on the soldier according to the basic model of human perception. They selected someuseful information which they gained from outside world through their five basic senses,organized it in a reasonable logic and then attached meanings to it.Case 16:Different Responses to NoiseThis case can reflect different culture can give different influences on human sensation. No two ofpeople can assume that their sensations are the same, especially when they e from different cultures.Different social reality and living conditions can equip them with different way to sense the world. So it isvery mon for them to have totally different sensations even towards the same condition. In this case,the German professor and Japanese professor have very different response to the noise producedby the same motor for the heating system because of their cultures and living habits.Case 17:What Is Black?This case can reflect we have some barriers to accurate perception in interculturalmunication. We have the ability to perceive the outside world, but we cannot always get theaccurate perceptions, especially when we do the perception on other cultures, we often give theinaccurate and negative perceptions. In this case, on discussing the impersonal color “black”, wegive so many bad and negative meanings while black pupils can give some objective descriptionsand associations about the color. The barriers can include ignoring details, overgeneralizing,holding on to preconceptions and stereotypes imposing consistency, preconnecting causes and effects,preferring simple explanations, ignoring circumstances, crediting irrelevant information and focusing onthe negative.Case 18:Are Perceptions Always Right?This case can reflect our perceptions on outside world are not always right, especially whenwe do perceptions on other cultures. We usually perceive others according to our own culture.This can lead to ineffective intercultural munication. In this case Pat and Chris gaveinaccurate and negative perceptions on Akira and Michiko just because of theirIrresponsible judgment and they also gave pletely positive perceptions on Mar