【正文】 因此在句中充當(dāng)定語、狀語、補足語和表語。 后置作主語（此為特殊情況，以下為全部3種固定句型）178。 單獨分詞作狀語（注意主語一致）178。178。 She is anxious to win the petition.（五）不定式作狀語252。252。 固定的介賓短語He may be late, in which case we should wait for him. (which指前面的句子)in this case、in one’s honor(紀(jì)念某人)、with one’s help狀語從句（副詞從句）（一）時間狀語從句I was telephoning when suddenly the doorbell rang. (瞬時)You wait here while I go and get it. (延續(xù))Until I came back, he was waiting for me at my home. (延續(xù)+until+短暫或時間點)I didn’t leave the office until 12 o’clock last night. (非短暫+until+短暫或時間點)The doorbell rang immediately we began having dinner. (一…就…，as soon as、once、the minute、the moment、the instant、instantly、directly)No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. (緊接發(fā)生，hardly…when、scarcely…when、no sooner…than)（二）地點狀語從句A driver should slow down where there are schools.Where there is a will, there is a way. (地點狀語從句置句首時，通常表抽象含義)（三）原因狀語從句連詞：because、for、as、since252。 I realized that what I said was not exactly what I meant to say.252。 Willa Cather considered her novel of life in nineteenthcentury Nebraska, My Antonia her best work. (介詞短語作后置定語、同位語)名詞從句三種句子充當(dāng)四種成分（一） 陳述句作句子成分當(dāng)把一個完整的陳述句當(dāng)作名詞來使用時，需要在陳述句句首加that（不充當(dāng)任何成分），然后可使“that+陳述句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)分別充當(dāng)令一句子的主語、賓語、表語或同位語，即構(gòu)成主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句或同位語從句。 This trend began during the Second World War.252。 The emphasis given by both scholars and statesman helped to obscure the great importance. (分詞短語作定語)252。 He said that no word at the meeting was strange. (賓語)252。 （代詞和連詞作用） 關(guān)系代詞：指代“人”：who (不用在介詞后面時可完全頂替whom)、 that、whose 指代“物”：which、that、whose 關(guān)系副詞：when、where、why（一） 關(guān)系詞用作從句的主語 I like guys who have a good sense of humor.（二） 關(guān)系詞用作從句的賓語 （關(guān)系詞可省略） I’d really like to find a friend (who) I can trust pletely. (動詞的賓語) I’m talking about friends (who) you can share almost everything with. (介詞的賓語)（三）先行詞為短語或句子 He likes climbing mountains, which is a good exercise. (短語) Tom was late, which surprised me. （完整句子）（四）限制性定語從句與非限制性定于從句限制性定于從句：不用逗號分開，對一個名詞提供必要的信息，若去掉從句將使主句含義不明。 I was so late that I didn’t have time to do it. (so+形容詞或副詞)252。不定式（一）不定式作主語252。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. (It is no/not much/some/any good/use doing sth、It is a waste of time doing sth)178。 Looking out of the window, I saw lots of people on the street.178。 普通格+doing 動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語、邏輯主語無生命、邏輯主語為不定代詞（someone, everyone, anyone）、邏輯主語為較長短語時，最好用普通格。 I need a pen to write with.（四）形容詞+to do252。保留動詞特征，可以有自己的主語（邏輯主語）和賓語。 所屬關(guān)系時用介詞ofThe pany, of which Meacheal was until recently the chairman, has made loss of three million pounds this year.252。1）主語從句Why dinosaurs became extinct is still a mystery.2）賓語從句 （在不影響句義情況下，that可省略）I don`t know how many letters there are in the English alphabet.3）表語從句Money is what we are badly in need of.4）同位語從句 There arose the question where we could get the loan.（四）從句嵌套252。 Willa Cather co