【正文】 y. And whale stands for hugeness. In the earliest Chinese Buddhist literature Li Huo Lun(理惑論)(Net. 3)，we have “對(duì)牛彈琴”(dui niu tan qin, to cast pearls before swine。 the tortoise is just a slowmoving and not very attractive creature. Differences in mode of production Different natures create different means of production, means of subsistence, modes of production and life styles. China and Englishspeaking countries have different natures, so their mode of production is different. DifferencesChina had been a large agricultural country. Chinese people were habituated to use bull to plough the field before modernized agriculture was developed. Bull was the most important farming tool for Chinese framers. Generally speaking, Europe was the mixed economy of agriculture and livestock. Horse became the most important transportation. Horse was closely linked to people’s daily lives. There was horse racing petition. Therefore, horse in English often plays the role of the bull in Chinese. These different modes of production were caused by the different natural environment. Marx ever said “Different munes found their different means of production and means of subsistence in their natural environment. Therefore, their modes of production, life styles and production were different.” （the collected works of Marx and Engels, 1972:367）. Marx’s words tell us that different natures create different means of production, means of subsistence, modes of production and life styles. Besides, it also determines the disparity of culture. Consequently, the cultural identity of any nation is firstly determined by the natural environment where people live. That’s because natural environment not only determine a nation’s mode of production and life style, but also determine a nation’s cultural identity and social psychology. In Europe, plains are wide, landform is simple and rain falls is rich. The European people promoted the simultaneous development of farming and livestock breeding. Horse not only became the nomadic object, but also the main means of transportation. Naturally, horse was closely linked to people’s daily lives. However, China has small plains。關(guān)鍵詞：文化 內(nèi)涵 動(dòng)物詞匯 差異ContentsAcknowledgements……………………………………………………..……………iAbstract (English)………………………………………………..…………………...iiAbstract (Chinese)……………………………………………………..……………..iiiContents……………………………………………………………..………………..iv1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………...…12. Review culture and animal words………………………..….……………………..1 The definition of culture ...……………………… .……………………………1 The relationship between culture and animal words. ..…………………………23. Cultural differences………………..…….…………………………………… .. ….2 Differences in religions and mythologies…………………….…………………2 Differences……………………………………………….…………………...3 Examples………………..………….……........................................................5 Differences in literature………………..………………………….…………...8 Differences…………………………………………..……..…………………8 Examples……………………………………………………………………...9 Differences in ways of thinking………………………………………………10 Differences………………………………………………………..............10 Examples…………………………………………………………….........12 Differences in modes of production…………………………………………..13………………………………………………………………...13 Examples…………………………………………………………….........144. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….15References………………………………………………………………..…………1819 The Cultural Differences in Animal Words in Chinese and English1. Introduction Language and culture, intrinsically dependend on each other, have evolved together through the history. (Dai Weidong，He Zhaoxiong, 2002:127). “On the one hand, language as an integral part of human being, permeates his thinking and way of viewing the world, language both expresses and embodies cultural reality. On the other, language, as a product of culture, helps permeate the culture, and the changes in language uses reflect the cultural changes in return”. (Dai Weidong，He Zhaoxiong, 2002:130 ). Language is the base of entire culture, and it is only in language that culture can be wellpresented and handed down from generation to generation. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture。在很大程度上，動(dòng)物詞匯反映了文化內(nèi)涵。 “夜貓子”(ye mao zi, people who go to bed late). Differences in literature Animal words can often be seen in literature. Some writers will use some animals to express their feelings and emotions. That’s to say, animal words, to some extend, can reflect the style in literature. DifferencesChinese poets are good at taking advantage of a scene to express one’s emotions. The scene often serves as foils to set off the atmosphere or to create the mood. Readers have the infinite daydream space. That’s because the way of thinking in Chinese is sensible and instinctive. However, the English poems have the power to evoke feelings to express by describing scene. They can express their subjective consciousness in this way. That’s to say, Chinese people pay more attention to expression, and westerners to reproduction. Chinese poems are reserved, but English poems are riot. Chinese people have the understood thought. Understood thought means that when people want to understand the actual meaning of a concept, they will intuitively understand the context, but not using their abstract thought. (Xiao Gongqin, 2006). So Chinese people like using indication, metaphor or personification in their writing or daily life. However, western people have the instinctive thinking mode. Throughout the pletion and image of objects, they are apprehended by a glance by everyone. Just the different thinking modes cause the differences in the style of literature. ExamplesWhen western people see butterfly, they feel how beautiful butterflies they are. But Chinese people may think that they are Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai. (They were lovers. After their death, they became butterflies to c