【正文】 It is so miserable and satirical for Buck to kill his enemies. Under the effects of his ancestors, he even can not distinguish good from bad, right from wrong. Just as Buck’s saying, the feud ends when all people are dead. At last, Grangerford’s four sons are killed and the situation gets worse, which displays the brutality and stupidity of patriarchal clan system.In Chapter 21, Boggs is killed cruelly by Sherburn. It is such a terrible murder, while other people just treat it as a topic for talking after meals. Some even say: “Say, now, you’ve looked enough。 then the other brothers, on both sides, goes for one another。 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）Realism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 12. Realistic themes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 3 Characterization 3 Huck 3 Jim 7 Slavery 9 The bad treatment of slaves 9 White adults’ attitude to slaves 10 Huck’s attitude to slaves 12 Jim’s attitude to slaves 132. 3 Exposition of objectivity 14 Fatuity 15 Money worship 163. Conclusion 17References 18The Civil War broke out in 1861, which marked a change in America. Before the Civil War, America had essentially a rural, agrarian, isolated republic, which’s idealistic, confident, and selfreliant inhabitants for the most part believed in God. Most Americans had a strong view that America was the most democratic and civilized country in the world. After the Civil War, the United States was transformed into an industrial and urban nation. On the surface there were elegance, security and fort。 then that other man’s brother kills him。 you fellows。 political and mercial corruption grew widespread. All these made its people begin to question the assumptions shared by the transcendentalistsnatural goodness, the optimistic view of nature and man, benevolent God. In the meantime, people of the United States began to tire of the sentimental feelings of the Romanticism after the Civil War, just as they turned away from Puritanism at the close of the 18th century. A new inspiration came over them. Instead of thinking about the mysteries of life and death, people’s attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence. Life itself held a challenge. A zest for living naturally, pletely, and even boisterously became the vogue. This new attitude was characterized by a great interest in the realities of life. Therefore, a new attitude of realism entered American literature, which started a new period in American writing known as the rise of Realism (Wang Songnian, ). As time passed, Romanticists’ optimism was replaced by philosophical realism. With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, realism became a major trend in 1870s and 1880s of American Literature.Realism is the theory of writing in which familiar aspects of contemporary life and everyday scenes are represented in a straightforward or matteroffact manner. Fundamentally, in literature, realism is the portrayal of life with fidelity. It stresses truthful treatment of material. It is antiromantic, antisentimental, and without interest in nature, death, etc.In the later part of 19th Century, a crowd of realists appeared in European Continent, such as Zola, Flaubert, Balzac, Destoyvsky and Tolstoy. They sought to portray life as it really was, insisting that the ordinary and the local were as suitable for artistic portrayal as the magnificent and the remote. Such a strong wind flew over the Atlantic Ocean, and landed on the North American Continent. American readers or audiences got “hungry” about such mental food. They hoped for getting a vast reading of articles, essays, fictions and poems. It was realism writers such as William Dean Howells, Mark Twain who met such a strong demand (Zhang Xihua, 1996).Mark Twain, known as the Lincoln of American Literature, wrote many books which reflected the American society. As his masterpiece, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn won him the fame all over the world. In this everlasting popular book, Mark Twain dealt with many serious subjects in his time such as politics, religion and slavery.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is about an outcast boy Huck and a runaway nigger Jim on the journey down the river. Huck is the narrator and main character of the novel. Slavery and other social evils are exposed by the disreputable, illiterate little boy. He isn’t influenced by civilization, so he has no cunning and sophisticated life philosophy. His sense is spontaneous. He views the society in his childish way and never exaggerates anything he has seen, heard and experienced.2. Realistic themes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn CharacterizationOne of the features of realism is that realism focuses on the monness of the lives of the people who are customarily ignored by the arts. Therefore, Mark twain often showed the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people as his major theme and revealed the mon personality and spirit by portraying “specific persons or facts” (Liao Fucai, 2000), such as Huck and Jim. HuckHuck is looked upon as an outcast. He has no mother, no home, “sleeping in barrels, eating scraps and leavings and dressed in rags” (Yang Jie, 1998). He has a father, however, his father has never taken care of Huck but given him cruel beating. There is no doubt that Huck is just like an orphan. As an orphan, Huck suits in a hard environment. Although he receives hardly any education, he learns to be active, intelligent, honest and brave from the hard society.Huck is a rebel of American society. He is used to his free life – no need to pray before dinner, no need to go to school and to church. It seems that the “civilized society” does not fit Huck at all. Therefore, when the pecking of Miss Watson bees unbearable and the deadly dull life tires him, he flees. He rebels mainly because those “kindhearted and civilized” people make him unfortable and ill.Twain wrote stories about how ordinary people tricked experts, or