【正文】 which convert the kinetic energy ( momentum ) of the vehicle into thermal ( heat ) . When stepping on the brakes , the driver mands a stopping force ten times as powerful as the force that puts the car in motion . The braking system can exert thousands of pounds of pressure on each of the four brakes . The brake system is posed of the following basic ponents : the master cylinder161。this will cause the lever to pivot about its center which will prize forward the outer disc to give it a greater movement . This action shows that the torque applied to each driving wheel is always equal 168。它通過各部件的摩擦起作用。飛輪同樣是離合器總成部件所在位置。踩下離合器踏板就會使驅動器朝飛輪方向移動。釋放軸承安裝在離合器叉和壓盤總成之間。許多不太普遍的后方系統(tǒng)，是由一個驅動軸連接到仍然是安裝在發(fā)動機上的變矩器。4 制動系統(tǒng)汽車系統(tǒng)中最重要的就是剎車系統(tǒng)。如果氣體是可以凝固的，系統(tǒng)通過釋放排出其中空氣。通過一系列的鋼管和強化橡膠軟管，制動液從主缸流至車輪。朝一邊拉起連接使轉向節(jié)繞其支點旋轉。這樣彼此獨立運作，當在路上一個車輪爆胎時，其他輪子不會偏轉。因此，車輪和儀式可以從一邊朝上向另一邊旋轉。當制動墊磨損時，剎車油桿有所下降，這是一正常情況，無需擔心。因為液壓流體不可壓縮，推動流體通過管道，就像推鋼棒穿過管道一樣。汽車徑直向前運行時，杠桿均勻平分俯沖力，兩盤跳至相同數(shù)目。前輪驅動汽車的發(fā)動機通常安裝在車側，隱于正對汽車尾部引擎一側，前軸直接與轉動軸相連，為前輪提供動力。這種機制經(jīng)由釋放軸承施壓于離合器隔膜手指，從而使隔膜釋放離合器盤。兩種主要類型的壓盤總成包括螺旋彈簧和膜片彈簧總成。然而，發(fā)動機在剛剛啟動時產(chǎn)生的動力較小，為了減少汽車傳動系扭沖擊力，變速器與引擎應緩慢接觸。傳動鏈或傳動系將發(fā)動機的動力傳遞給車輪。C steed cover bolted to the flywheel . The spring push against the cover . Neither the driven plate nor the pressure plate is connected rigidly to the flywheel and both can move either towards it o away . When the clutch pedal is depressed a thrust pad riding on a carbon or ball thrust bearing is forced towards the flywheel . Levers pivoted so that they engage with the thrust pad at one end and the pressure plate tat the other end pull the pressure plate back against its springs . This releases pressure on the driven plate disconnecting the gearbox from the engine . Diaphragm spring pressure plate assemblies are widely used in most modern cars . The diaphragm spring is a single thin sheet of metal which yields when pressure is applied to it . When pressure is removed the metal spring back to its original shape . The center portion of the diaphragm spring is slit into numerous fingers that act as release levers . When the clutch assembly rotates with the engine these weights are flung outwards by centrifugal plate and cause the levers to press against the pressure plate . During disengagement of the clutch the fingers are moved forward by the release bearing . The spring pivots over the fulcrum ring and its outer rim moves away from the flywheel . The retracting spring pulls the pressure plate away from the clutch plate thus disengaging the clutch .When engaged the release bearing and the fingers of the diaphragm spring move towards the transmission . As the diaphragm pivots over the pivot ring its outer rim forces the pressure plate against the clutch disc so that the clutch plate is engaged to flywheel .The advantages of a diaphragm type pressure plate assembly are its pactness , lower weight , fewer moving parts , less effort to engage , reduces rotational imbalance by providing a balanced force around the pressure plate and less chances of clutch slippage . The clutch pedal is connected to the disengagement mechanism either by a cable or , more monly , by a hydraulic system . Either way , pushing the pedal down operates the disengagement mechanism which puts pressure on the fingers of the clutch diaphragm via a release bearing and causes the diaphragm to release the clutch plate . With a hydraulic mechanism , the clutch pedal arm operates a piston in the clutch master cylinder . This forces hydraulic fluid through a pipe to the cutch release cylinder where another operates the clutch disengagement mechanism by a cable . The other parts including the clutch fork , release bearing , bell 168。 and flexible brake hoses161。這時，連接變速箱輸入軸的從動件是固定的或者以比連接發(fā)動機曲軸從動件較慢的速度旋轉。其花鍵套管樞紐，易于輸入軸花鍵的傳輸。當離合器總成隨發(fā)動機旋轉時，離心盤向外擲出這些重量，致使杠桿擠壓壓盤。它是自我轉換的變速器?，F(xiàn)代的自動變速器包括許多部件和系統(tǒng)，設計用來與行星齒輪組，液壓系統(tǒng)，密封墊，變矩器，總攬，調制器或節(jié)流電纜和計算機控制系統(tǒng)形成的交響樂一起演繹。剎車系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分，主缸，位于引擎蓋下直接與剎車踏板相連，將機械壓轉換成液壓。在任一情況下，磁盤制動器或者鼓式器表面摩擦力轉換成車輛向前運動的熱能。5 轉向系統(tǒng)的基本組成方向盤將車輪轉動方向轉變?yōu)檐囕v行駛方向。6 前懸架 前懸架比后懸架更為復雜。懸架作用下，車輪上下移動，方向盤從左側轉至右側。舵機轉向檔是轉向系統(tǒng)的核心，通常緊挨著引擎。制動液是一種特殊的油，具有特殊性質。專門設計用來在極端條件下工作的制動流充滿整個系統(tǒng)。這兒嘗試盡可能使用簡單的解釋來描述這些系統(tǒng)。在后輪驅動和前輪驅動的基礎上，自動變速器有兩種基本類型。撤回的彈簧將壓盤拉離離合器盤，從而脫離離合器。這樣兩部分就能聯(lián)系在一起 。當司機松開離合器制動踏板時，彈性壓力增加，各部件之間摩擦也有所增加。177。C and 168。 fittings or copper tubing repair a brake system . They are dangerous and illegal . 5 Basic Parts of Steering System The steering converts the steering 168。當全部彈簧壓力作用時，主動元件與從動元件其速度是相同的。壓力板一側加工平滑，將正對飛輪的離合器盤面壓平。電纜，或者更為普遍的液壓系統(tǒng)，將離合器踏板與撤離機制連接起來。該系統(tǒng)簡單直流功率，從引擎通過液力變矩器，然后透過變速器和驅動軸直到最終驅動，至此分流并輸送到后面的兩個變速器。微分系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行此兩項任務。每個輪子上與制動器相連的軟管系統(tǒng)將后者連