【正文】 nable goals Individualize rewards Link rewards to performance Check the system for equity Use recognition Care amp。Motivating Employees LEARNING OUTLINE Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. ? What Is Motivation? ? Define motivation. ? Explain motivation as a needsatisfying process. 2 LEARNING OUTLINE ? Early Theories ? Maslow hierarchy of needs ? Describe the five levels ? McGregor’s Xamp。Y ? Herzberg’s TwoFactors ? views of satisfaction and dissatisfaction LEARNING OUTLINE ? Contemporary Theories ? Three Needs ? GoalSetting ? Reinforcement ? Designing Motivating Jobs ? Equity ? Expectancy LEARNING OUTLINE ? Current Issues in Motivation ? Describe the crosscultural challenges of motivation. ? Discuss the challenges managers face in motivating unique groups of employees. ? Describe openbook management and employee recognition, payforperformance, and stock option programs. ? From Theory To Practice: Suggestions 5 What Is Motivation? ?Motivation ? Getting employees energized, directed, and sustained towards reaching the goal ? Effort or effort: a measure of intensity or drive ? Direction: toward anizational goals ? Need: personalized reason to exert effort ? Motivation works best when individual needs are patible with anizational goals 6 The Motivation Process 7 Unsatisfied Need Tension Effort Satisfied Need Tension Reduction ? Intensity ? Direction ? Persistence Early Theories of Motivation ? Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory ? Needs were categorized as five levels ? Satisfy lowerorder needs before they can satisfy higher order needs ? Satisfied needs do not motivate ? Know what level each person is on ? Hierarchy of needs ? Lowerorder (external): physiological, safety ? Higherorder (internal): social, esteem, selfactualization 8 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 自我 實(shí)現(xiàn) 9 Self Actualization Esteem 尊敬 Social 社會的 Safety 安全 Physiol