【正文】 way a wooden raft flats on a pond. The plates are supported by a weak, plastic layerof the lower mantle called the asthenosphere. Also like a raft on a pond, thelithospheric plates are carried along by slow currents in this more fluid layer beneath(10) them.With an understating of plate tectonics, geologists have put together a new historyfor the Earth39。 rights versus federal rights(B) The participation of state governments in railroad, canal, and turnpike construction(C) The roles of state and federal governments in the economy of the nineteenth century(D) Regulatory activity by state governments word effect in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) value(B) argument(C) influence(D) restraint of the following are mentioned in the passage as areas that involved state governments in the nineteenth century EXCEPT(A) mining(B) banking(C) manufacturing(D) higher education word distinct in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) separate(B) innovative(C) alarming(D) provocative can be inferred from the first paragraph that in the nineteenth century canals and railroads were(A) built with money that came from the federal government(B) much more expensive to build than they had been previously(C) built predominantly in the western part of the country(D) sometimes built in part by state panies regulatory activities of state governments included all of the following EXCEPT(A) licensing of retail merchants(B) inspecting materials used in turnpike maintenance(C) imposing limits on price fixing(D) control of lumber word setting in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) discussing(B) analyzing(C) establishing(D) avoiding word ends in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) Benefits(B) decisions(C) services(D) goals to the passage, which of the following is true of the Homestead Act of 1862?(A) It made it increasingly possible for settlers to obtain land in the West.(B) It was a law first passed by state governments in the West.(C) It increased the money supply in the West.(D) It established tariffs in a number of regions of the following activities was the responsibility of the federal government in thenineteenth century?(A) Control of the manufacture of gunpowder(B) Determining the conditions under which individuals worked(C) Regulation of the supply of money(D) Inspection of new homes built on western landsQuestions 2938 Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed.Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appearedon the continents. Life39。s entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose generalpattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arriveat school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult,use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that(20) are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings ofgovernments, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example, high schools students know that they are not likely to find out in theirclasses the truth about political problems in their munities or what the newestfilmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the(25) formalized process of schooling. is the main idea of the passage?(A) The best schools teach a wide variety of subjects.(B) Education and schooling are quite different experiences.(C) Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.(D) The more years students go to school the better their education is. does the author probably mean by using the expression Children interrupt their education to go to school (lines 23)?(A) Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.(B) School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.(C) Summer school makes the school year too long.(D) All of life is an education. word bounds in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) rules(B) experiences(C) limits(D) exceptions word chance in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) unplanned(B) unusual(C) lengthy(D) lively word integral in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) an equitable(B) a profitable(C) a pleasant(D) an essential word they in line 20 refers to(A) slices of reality(B) similar textbooks(C) boundaries(D) seats phrase For example, line 22, introduces a sentence that gives example of(A) similar textbooks(B) the results of schooling(C) the working of a government(D) the boundaries of classroom subject passage supports which of the following conclusions?(A) Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.(B) Education systems need to be radically reformed.(C) Going to school is only part of how people bee educated.(D) Education involves many years of professional training. passage is organized by(A) listing and discussing several educational problems(B) contrasting the meanings of two related words(C) narrating a story about excellent teachers(D) giving examples of different kinds of schoolsQuestions 1018 The hard, rigid plates that form the outermost portion of the Earth are about 100kilometers thick. These plates include both the Earth39。s transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of anevolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.(5) What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? Thetraditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossilsrelativelylarge specimens of essentially whole plants and animal. Vascular plants, related tomodern seed plants and ferns, left the first prehensive megafossil record. Becauseof this, it has been