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Ustay, but it seems unlikely that these infections have an effect on hospital mortality rates. Anne Marie G,et al. Intensive Care Med 2022。 ? 缺點(diǎn):不宜長(zhǎng)期使用,不便于口腔護(hù)理 ,易誤吸。49:145 CRBSI治療策略 ? 發(fā)生導(dǎo)管隧道感染或輸液港膿腫時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)拔除導(dǎo)管,必要時(shí)切開(kāi)引流。 血管內(nèi)導(dǎo)管相關(guān)感染的預(yù)防與治療指南 (2022) Basic and Special Aproaches for the prevention of CRBSI Basic Practices ? Catheter Checklist(導(dǎo)管置管流程表) ? Hand Hygiene(洗手) ? Site choice(置管位置選擇) ? Catheter Cart or Kit(置管包) ? Maximal sterile barriers(最大無(wú)菌化) ? Chlorhexidine skin antisepsis(洗必泰皮膚消毒) Special Practices ? Chlorhexidine Bathe(洗必泰沖洗) ? Coated catheters(涂層導(dǎo)管) ? Antimicrobial lock(抗生素封管) Marschall,J,et ,2022。 推薦意見(jiàn): CRBSI的臨床表現(xiàn)不典型,診斷需重視臨床表現(xiàn)并結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查。 IDSA Guidelines for Intravascular CatheterRelated 2022。49:145 CRBSI治療策略 ? 金黃色葡萄球菌、銅綠假單胞菌、真菌或分枝桿菌引起的 CRBSI,應(yīng)拔除導(dǎo)管。 45:1588–1593 VAP致病因素和感染途徑 致病因素 ? 細(xì)菌在呼吸道和消化道的定植 ? 細(xì)菌侵入下呼吸道 感染途徑 ? 吸入上呼吸道的菌叢 ? 來(lái)自不恰當(dāng)?shù)暮粑委? ? 細(xì)菌的血行播散 氣管導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性肺炎( ETAP) Endotracheal Tubeassociated Pneumonia ( ETAP) ETAP發(fā)病機(jī)制 ? 抑制咳嗽反射 ? 抑制纖毛清除功能 ? 損傷氣管上皮細(xì)胞 ? 為細(xì)菌從進(jìn)入下呼吸道提供直捷通路 ? 導(dǎo)管表面生物膜形成 VAP or ETAP 氣管導(dǎo)管 ? 氣管插管 –經(jīng)鼻氣管插管 –經(jīng)口氣管插管 ? 氣管套管 經(jīng)鼻氣管插管 ? 優(yōu)點(diǎn):插管操作方便,舒適,保留時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。 100:299–306 ?no beneficial effects on VAP incidence, mortality, or ICU stay. ?higher colonization of the respiratory tract. Prone position? Two recent metaanalyses suggest that the prone position during mechanical ventilation does not reduce mortality or duration of ventilation and should not be used routinely for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The two reports are, nevertheless, contradictory in their appreciation of the VAP incidence reduction. Sud S,et 2022。 ? 通過(guò)群體感應(yīng)信號(hào)導(dǎo)致群落細(xì)胞同時(shí)產(chǎn)生毒素。 Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2022; 171:388–416 ICU呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺炎的病原菌 江蘇醫(yī)藥 2022年 11月 33卷 11期 VAP預(yù)防措施 ? Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretins ? Silvercoated ETT ? Oral hygiene ? Peep ? Prone position ? Closed tracheal suntion systems ? Selective oropharyngeal decontamination and selective digestive tract decontamination Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretins( CASS) ? In the largest trial to date , CASS was able to reduce the incidence density of VAP, median length of ICU stay, and antibiotic use, and led to overall cost saving