【正文】 however, such as enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), can cause severe foodborne disease. It is transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of contaminated foods, such as raw or undercooked ground meat products and raw milk. Its significance as a public health problem was recognized in 1982, following an outbreak in the United States of America. EHEC produces toxins, known as verotoxins or Shigalike toxins because of their similarity to the toxins produced by Shigella dysenteriae. EHEC can grow in temperatures ranging from from 7176。 O157:H7大腸桿菌是與公共衛(wèi)生有關(guān)的最重要的出血性大腸桿菌的血清類型；然而在散在病例和暴發(fā)中也經(jīng)常涉及其它血清類型。這一病菌的貯主看來主要是家畜和其它反芻動物， 例如駱駝。同樣，預(yù)防牧場原料奶的污染實際上并不可能，但是應(yīng)對牧場工人進行良好衛(wèi)生規(guī)范原則方面的教育，以便將污染降低到最低水平。從而對此問題必須給予特殊關(guān)注。一些國家實施一項政策，即如果發(fā)現(xiàn)生絞碎牛肉含有 O157:H7大腸桿菌，則將被視為已被污染。受糞便污染的水和其它食物以及食物制備期間的交叉污染（與牛肉和其它肉制品、受污染的板面和廚房用具）也將導(dǎo)致感染。還可能出現(xiàn)發(fā)燒和嘔吐。C, with an optimum temperature of 37176。腸出血性大腸桿菌可在 7℃ 50℃ 的溫度中生長，其最佳生長溫度為 37℃ 。一些暴發(fā)涉及大量病例，例如 1996 年日本發(fā)生的情況，該次暴發(fā)與學(xué)校午餐中食用污染的蘿卜纓有關(guān)，造成 9451 人發(fā)病。然而，國家級開展的風險評估已指出，通過各種減少絞碎牛肉風險的策略（例如篩檢屠宰前動物以減少將大量病菌帶入屠宰場）可減少病例的數(shù)量。有關(guān)疾病暴發(fā)的調(diào)查指出，在芽苗菜上發(fā)現(xiàn)的病菌非?？赡軄碓从诜N子。由于很多腸出血性大腸桿菌感染因接觸游憩用水所致，對于避免這類水域和飲用水源遭動物糞便污染也很重要。也從水源（池塘、溪水）、井和水槽中分離出腸出血性大腸桿菌，并發(fā)現(xiàn)它們 在糞便和水槽污垢中能夠存活數(shù)月。溶血尿毒綜合癥的特點是急性腎衰竭、溶血性貧血和血小板減少。 however, other serotypes have frequently been involved in sporadic cases and outbreaks. The diseases caused by EHEC Symptoms of the diseases caused by EHEC include abdominal cramps and diarrhoea that may in some cases progress to bloody diarrhoea (haemorrhagic colitis). Fever and vomiting may also occur. The incubation period can range from three to eight days, with a median of three to four days. Most patients recover within 10 days, but in a small proportion of patients (particularly young children and the elderly), the infection may lead to a lifethreatening disease, such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). HUS is characterized by acute renal failure, haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia. It is estimated that up to 10% of patients with EHEC infection may develop HUS, with a casefatality rate ranging from 3% to 5%. Overall, HUS is the most mon cause of acute renal failure in young children. It can cause neurological plications (such as seizure, stroke and a) in 25% of HUS patients and chronic renal sequelae, usually mild, in around 50% of survivors. The incidence of EHEC infections varies by age group,