【正文】 the same meaning. ? 1 he wrote a poem last week. He wrote the poem in this room. The poem is long. He is going to read the poem. ? 2 the novel is 300 pages long . It is about life on the Amazon. It is very interesting. ? 3 my father owned a cottage. The cottage was tiny. The cottage had three rooms. The cottage was in Pacific Grove in California. Can you ? Any mistakes? ? It rained for several hours, the game was postponed . ? The weather maybe fine for days, however, it may change abruptly. ? The food is usually rich and plentiful, it would be a crime not to enjoy it. ? It was the night before the Christmas, the children were excited. Runon sentences ? A runon sentence is a sentence in which two independent clauses are joined by only a ma between them. ? Models: ? That dog is obedient, it has been well trained . ? I came to the open field , it was not like the one I remember. ? *** a ma can not join two independent clauses in formal writing. Several tips suggested for remedy ? *** 1 the easiest way make the two sentences into two separate sentences with proper punctuation. ( full stop and semicolon) ? I came to the open field, it was not the one I remember. ? I came to the open field. It was not the one I remember. ? I came to the open field。 it was not the one I remember. Method two –insert one of the coordinating conjunctions ( and, but, for ,yet, or, so) ? Shut the door, it is cold in there. ? Shut the door, for it is cold in there. ? Getting married is easy, staying married is a different matter. ? Getting married is easy, yet staying married is a different matter Tip threeinsert a semicolon and a conjunction adverb. ? The conjunction adverb such as: then, for example , moreover, furthermore, however, nevertheless, on the other hand. ? I came to the open field。s life. ? E) to classify programs into types The main parts of a paragraph 結(jié)論句 擴(kuò)展句 主題句 The topic sentence Supporting sentence concluding sentence Map out the outline ? Topic sentence: ? 1 ? 2 ? 3 ? Concluding sentence ? Coherence ( transition) The topic sentence ? A sentence that states the subject that the paragraph will develop. ? What is a good topic sentence? ? 1) it is a statement including opinions , not a question. ? 2) it is the most general statement , without any specific details. ? 3) it has two parts—the topic and the controlling idea. Take close watch on the following topic sentence ? 1 New York has (excellent public transportation). ? 2 the modern study of biology consists of (three basic areas). ? 3 it is (fairly difficult) to study in a foreign country. ? Usually, you can ask some questions about the topic, and that is the reason you can develop your ideas. ? A Anne is three years older than her brother. ? B we start to work at 8:00 . every day. Drill for topic sentence ? Model: topic water pollution ? Topic sentence—water pollution has endangered animal life in the seas and rivers. ? Supporting sentence—1 many of the fish in the seas are dying and in some areas that are caught can not be eaten.