【正文】 2. Semidetached Effort = (KSLOC)。t mean you are a poor scheduler。s aptitude ? Software engineer capability—The percentile ranking of the programmer39。 Schedule length = (Effort) ? You can immediately see that these formulas are amenable to adjustment to fit your anization if you change the constants and exponents to better fit your historical data. ? For example, if your anization can plete anic projects with less effort than the standard effort formula, adjust the exponent in the effort equation to . This would reduce a SLOC project from 300 personmonths ( * (100)) to personmonths ( * (100)). ? If your anization can plete an anic project faster than the standard schedule length, adjust the exponent in the schedule length equation to . This reduces the project length on a SLOC project requiring 300 personmonths from months ( (300)) to months ( (100)). ? The Intermediate COCOMO I model adjusts the output of these formulas based on specific cost drivers. These cost drivers fall into four categories: 1. Personnel ? Analyst capability—The percentile ranking of the analyst39。Software Project Management Manage your people ? Software development and maintenance is a plex task: – Specific details. – Unexpected circumstances. ? To succeed, manager has to take in mind: – People – Process – Tools – Measurements ? Discarding any one of the previous 4, will lead to a problem in the project. ? Good management of people will lead to a successful project. ? The project team is cultural entity: you improve their skills and culture. ? The project itself is cultural event: you put them in a real circumstances. ? Part of management is improving every team member. Managing project culture ? Any project begins from an idea from the top managers, users, or any other people. ? The role of manager and the team is to make this idea to be a plete up and running project. ? The role of the manager of the team is to improve the team members, the process and the tools used to build the project. ? Every project has its own circumstances and its own culture. ? Project manager has to understand every project culture in order to use people and tools to make a good process to develop the project. ? Steps for that: – Understand anizational structure. – Understand each person in the project and his background: to put him in the suitable place in the project. – Match cultural and engineering roles to people. – Monitor the whole process ? Understand the anizational structure: – Project culture is influenced by the anizational structure. – Understanding culture of your anization may involve asking some questions: ? How projects normally proceed in this anization. ? Are project typically successful. ? How do software engineers deal with projects. ? How software engineers deal with schedules, CASE tools, measurements, and other things. ? What difficulties do you face with the four building blocks of software project management. ? Understand each team member: – Team members usually e from different cultures, so you have to understand each one. (different backgrounds, generation and experience). – To asses these different factors, you have to raise up these questions for every member: ? What type of his educational background. ? How much his experience. ? What is his generation. ? Try to know about his personal life. ? What are the strengths and weakness points of this person. ? Determining the previous information of every member in the team, will lead you to make good binations of those members. Match roles to people ? Roles in the project may be determined by project manager, members, or from the progress in the project. ? Typical roles in a project are: – Requirement engineer: maintains project requirements during the production of the project (documents, clarifications,…etc). – Lead Designer: evaluates, chooses, documents, clarifies, and maintains product design. – Coder: implements the project and correct errors. – Quality assurance engineer: measures the quality of the software, determines the level of the quality, by working on the errors in the project. – Customer liason: maintains the relationships with users of the project. – Tools expert: installs, troubleshoots, upgrades, and maintains project tools. – Other: additional roles required by the project. ? Project roles can be defined in many ways: – Team leader: builds and maintains and effective team. – Development leader: produces a superior product. – Planning manager: guides the team to produce a plan and tracks progress against the plan. – Support manager: ensures the project is properly supported and controlled. Monitor and manage team culture ? Team cohesion is the first factor in leading teams that influence the productivity. ? To manage project culture you must: – Make each member role to be clear. – Understand each person’s personality and try to use that in assigning him a suitable role. – State and maintain your view of the team. – Recognize problems that might occur before they impact the team. – Solve the problems before they impact the project. (if an employee has a problem, then the whole pany has a problem). Managing Good People ? Difficult task, because you are