【正文】 situation”. therefore many people left the mining area for other industries. (Naruta, 2021) The increasingly fierce antiChinese sentiment The tension of antiChinese riots in 1860s slightly quieted down, because the Chinese were under the specific burden of building transcontinental railway. They 5 filled the shortage of labor in railway construction, according to statistics, “from 1865 to 1869, Chinese labor who the central Pacific railroad employed accounted for nearly nine out of ten.” Therefore, racialism had restrained itself to some degree, after all, it is subordinate to the need of economic development. however, ironically, no sooner after finishing the first railway across the continental States in 1869, when the Chinese exclusion acts burst into flames again, and reached the most rampant level in history. After the pletion of railway, Chinese labor were all fired. Firstly, they, together with the east labor, flooded into the western manpower market, causing the market saturated. What is more, Chinese workers did not care about the type of work, and could stand the illegal torture including capitalists’ extending working hours and lowering wages so it was not difficult for them to find a job. Many white workers, by contrast, often expressed fussy and picky, either despised those dirty jobs nor plained the wages were too low. They were not even willing to work in the factories and farms, and engage themselves in the service industry, so relatively they were facing the problem of insufficient labor employment. Under the circumstance, the unemployed white labor hatred Chinese ones more profoundly, and has been crying the Chinese workers robbed their “jobs”. Second, in 1873, the American economic crisis broke out, according to statistics, in this crisis, “California, about 30% of the workers lost their jobs, there are 1500 unemployed workers in San Francisco, and railway panies dismissed more than 12021 Chinese, who then trickled in the city”, “during the tough period, the number of Chinese immigrants reached the culmination of the nieenth century, from 1870 to 1870, more than 80000 Chinese people came to the United States, in 1873 alone there were more than 1873 Chinese into the country”. This aggravated the Chinese “rob jobs” with the white phenomenon. Things were going to a worse direction. In order to divert the anger of whites and mitigate class contradictions, bourgeois politicians blamed the white unemployment and economic crisis to the influx of Chinese immigrants, and constantly stirred up the white hostility to Chinese, and arouse their enthusiasm of racism. In the end Chinese 6 became the scapegoat for the economic crisis. According to inplete statistics, from 1852 to 1882, there existed up to 20 ranging from regional antiChina legislations and state the antiChina legislations to judicial decisions. “Chinese problem” no longer bothered California, but the whole America. The antiChina emotion was spreading from California to Washington. Above all, the bourgeois parties chasing for their own interests, stood at the forefront of antiChinese camp openly. From then on. Chinese in the . was facing an unprecedented disaster. (Calavita, 2021). 7 Chapter 3 The causes of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 President Roosevelt ever called the Chinese Exclusion Act a historic error. But if we study history further, we will find the theory is not so simple. As the world’s oldest country holding democracy, the United States possesses mature politics and acceptance capacity which shall be the world39。本文通過分析美國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，政治和文化狀況深入解讀該法案出臺(tái)的原因及意義 ,闡明該法案造成的影響，為現(xiàn)代移民帶來一些啟示。s future and destiny would face a serious threat. It goes without saying that serious racism adds fuel to the fire of Chinese exclusion. Chinese labor mostly came from rural areas, longterm living in the fixed family, area, dialect group and other social relationships, clinging to their own cultural customs and habits, and easy to lost their trace with American society. Their collective housing, collective labor, were used to China’s feudal ideas of three cardinal guides and various kinds of stereotypes, against white Americans’ advocating the consciousness of individual freedom and independence. Therefore, in some Americans’ eyes, Chinese were conservative, did not care about American society, refused religion and democracy thought and way of life, cannot assimilate with them, then signed Chinese a foreign label forever. Therefore, differences of culture, deepen each other’s misunderstanding, exacerbate the rejection to Chinese. 11 Chapter 4 The target of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 What is the target under the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? there are two views in the domestic academia generally: one view holds the aiming at Chinese labors。 Let every man skin his own skunk. At the same time, coal panies after white labor’s strike, immediately hired hundreds of Chinese replace the white. The move angered more white miners and local families. Tragedy which happened in September 2, 1885, 28 Chinese workers were killed, 15 Chinese workers were seriously injured, some 600 Chinese were expelled. Chinese seemed to admitted their inferior race, then did not participate in the strike, not to fight for their deserved rights and interests, which indeed could attest the Chinese had no intention of liberating themselves from the tyranny and oppression. nevertheless the root cause of the tragedy is the petition for jobs, a kind of job problem. After the bloody slaughter, the western people try to use a modern civilization explanation, socalled racialism. After all in the mid1880s, racialism in the white world, really represented the height of the some kind of upper