【正文】 an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and bees packaged into membranebound vesicles . After the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft . For the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate a receptor protein. There are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. Nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movement of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting in depolarization of the neuron. Muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. For a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. This will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. Low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. If acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. If this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. Although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reversible) inhibition. Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to improve memory in some people with Alzheimer39。由于雙方年齡差距較大，性格愛好不同，生活中常發(fā)生矛盾，導(dǎo)致家庭關(guān)系緊張。李某提出如下請(qǐng)求與理由： 1．要求法院將孩子判給自己； 2．李某帶回的復(fù)員費(fèi) 5 萬元，系個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)，張某不能分割； 3．至于房子，經(jīng)過 3 年多的使用，自己理應(yīng)分得一份； 4．家里的空調(diào)等貴重電器系自己婚前購(gòu)置 (但李沒有提供有力證據(jù)，法院亦未查實(shí) )雙方共同使用未超過 4 年，應(yīng)歸自己所有。 請(qǐng)就下列問題作出回答： （ 1）丙的行為是否構(gòu)成干涉婚姻自由和包辦婚姻 ?并說明理由。此后王放夫婦對(duì)王麗疼愛有加，撫育培養(yǎng)她直至中專畢業(yè)并參加 了工作。 答：財(cái)產(chǎn)： 1）當(dāng)事人同居期間所得的財(cái)產(chǎn)按共同共有處理。 3．防止輕率離婚同保障離婚自由并不矛盾，兩者在根本上是一致的。 3）必須是收養(yǎng)人本人直接收養(yǎng)，而不是代收養(yǎng)人的子女收養(yǎng)。 3）．犯重婚罪的須依法追究刑事責(zé)任。（ 2）依照羅馬法的親等計(jì)算法，直系血親從己身分別向上或向下數(shù)，以一世為一親等。 10．可撤銷婚姻：指已成立的婚姻關(guān)系因欠缺締結(jié)婚姻的合意，經(jīng)由當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)而撤銷的違法結(jié)婚。 A． 2 周歲 B． 8 周歲 C． 10周歲 D． 12周 歲 65．我國(guó)《婚姻法》規(guī)定，離婚時(shí)，如一方生活困難，另一方應(yīng)給予 ( B )經(jīng)濟(jì)幫助。 49． 依照我國(guó)《收養(yǎng)法》的規(guī)定，收養(yǎng)孤兒、殘疾兒童，或在社會(huì)福利機(jī)構(gòu)撫養(yǎng)的查找不到生父母的棄嬰或兒童，可以不受下列哪些條件的限制 ( B C )？ 30 周歲 D.收養(yǎng)人有撫養(yǎng)教育被收養(yǎng)人的能力 50．收養(yǎng)關(guān)系解除后，被收養(yǎng)人同其生父母之 間的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系 ( C D )。 A．離過婚的，應(yīng)當(dāng)持離婚證 B．必須提交婚前健康檢查證明 C．由當(dāng)?shù)毓矙C(jī)關(guān)出具的婚姻狀況證明 D．居民身份 31．雙方自愿離婚的條件是 ( A B D )。 C.生父母與婚生子女 16 我國(guó)法學(xué)界認(rèn)為，姻親的種類，一般包括 ( A B C )。 ( √ ) 20．離婚時(shí)，如一方生活困難，另一方應(yīng)從其住房等個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)中給予適當(dāng)幫助。 ( ) 4．婚姻法是調(diào)整平等主體之間人身關(guān)系和財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系的，因此其大部分規(guī)定是任意性規(guī)范。 ( √ ) 13．夫妻一方以另一方婚前患有醫(yī)學(xué)上認(rèn)為不應(yīng) 當(dāng)結(jié)婚的疾病為由請(qǐng)求人民法院宣告其婚姻無效的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)予以支持。 A．結(jié)婚必須男女完全自愿 B．男女雙方都有撫 育子女的權(quán)利和義務(wù) C．男女雙方都有各用自己姓名的權(quán)利 D．在祖孫、兄弟姊妹關(guān)系上，男性和女性親屬的權(quán)利和義務(wù)都是平等的 ( D )？ 9．按羅馬法的親等計(jì)算法，我和叔叔是 ( B )。 A、兄弟姐妹 B、祖父母、外祖父母 C、子女 D、父母 24． 內(nèi)地居民辦理婚姻登記的機(jī)關(guān)是 ( A B C D )。 得的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益 、租賃等生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的收入 合法收入 39．根據(jù)親屬關(guān)系在民事法律上的效力，父母是未成年子女的 ( A C )。 、澳同胞 僑民 59．外國(guó)人與中國(guó)公民在中國(guó)境內(nèi)自愿離婚，應(yīng) ( C )。 3． 家庭暴力 :指在一切具有家庭關(guān)系的成員中發(fā)生的一方對(duì)另一方的暴力行為。 答：（ 1）婚姻自由原則。 ② 以未到法定婚齡為由申請(qǐng)宣告婚姻無效的，為未達(dá)法定婚齡者的近親屬。 3）子女對(duì)父母有贍養(yǎng)扶助的義務(wù)。 12．我國(guó)《婚姻法》所規(guī)定的救助措施有何特點(diǎn)？ 答： 1)救助措施屬于公力救助，既賦予了基層組織 進(jìn)行社會(huì)救助的權(quán)利，又進(jìn)一步要求公、檢、法機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)受害人履行司法救助之義務(wù)。晚婚晚育應(yīng)予以鼓勵(lì)。 2）民事制裁。養(yǎng)父母這一權(quán)利的行使，不受缺乏勞動(dòng)能力又缺乏生活來源的限制。經(jīng)過一年的認(rèn)識(shí)、了解，二人辦理了結(jié)婚登記手續(xù)。法律依據(jù)：《婚姻法》第 18 條： 一方的婚前財(cái)產(chǎn)為夫妻一方的財(cái)產(chǎn) 。根據(jù)《 中華人民共和國(guó) 婚姻法》 第 18 條 第 1 款之規(guī)定：一方的婚前財(cái)產(chǎn)，為夫妻一方的婚前財(cái)產(chǎn)。 the harnessing of accidents that occurred during the process of painting。 and the attempt to transfer pure emotion directly onto the canvas. The movement had an inestimable influence on the many varieties of work that followed it, especially in the way its proponents used color and materials. Its essential energy transmitted an enduring excitement to the American art scene. Science and technology is quite a broad category, and it covers everything from studying the stars and the plas to studying molecules and viruses. Beginning with the Greeks and Hipparchus, continuing through Ptolemy, Copernicus and Galileo, and today with our work on the International Space Station, man continues to learn more and more about the heavens. From here, we look inward to biochemistry and biology. To truly understand biochemistry, scientists study and see the unseen by studying the chemistry of biological processes. This science, along with biophysics, aims to bring a better understanding of how bodies work – from how we turn food into energy to how nerve impulses transmit. analytic geometry, branch of geometry in which points are represented with respect to a coordinate system, such as Cartesian coordinates, and in which the approach to geometric problems is primarily algebraic. Its most mon application is in the representation of equations involving two or three variables as curves in two or three dimensions or surfaces in three dimensions. For example, the linear equation ax+by+c=0 represents a straight line in thexyplane, and the linear equation ax+by+cz+d=0 rep