【正文】 了機床啟動、停止的系統(tǒng)響應特性 , 還有 控制振動及噪音等優(yōu)點。 加工精度難以保證的部位添加調(diào)整墊片 ，采用調(diào)節(jié)的方式確保滿足 各向精度的要求 ， 使得各個方向的運動輕快、便捷 [9]。由于機床工作臺是不動的，所以它的承載能力比較好，適合于對重型零件的工件。 無錫太湖學院學士學位論文 6 零件的形狀、硬度、尺寸和其重量所產(chǎn)生的影響 一般來說，雕刻機機構(gòu)的布局一定程度上也和待加工的零件的尺寸、形狀、重量 和硬度有關(guān)。方便換刀和裝卸所要加工零部件；注意防護，確保安全；機床的機械結(jié)構(gòu)要簡單、可靠，機床的各個零部件要便于加工、裝配；最好要確保重量輕盈，體 積較小，制造成本較低，占地面積要小，總體外型要大方美觀 [7]。 5）機床的電主軸頭數(shù)種類多、加工幅面大 現(xiàn)在的數(shù)控鉆床大多都是 46 個主軸鉆頭。鉆頭的折斷在實際生產(chǎn)中經(jīng)常發(fā)生，但若不能及時發(fā)現(xiàn)并采取更換措施，應該要鉆的孔就有可能為鉆。 數(shù)控鉆銑床技術(shù)就用于 PCB 制造業(yè)而言擁有其獨特的特性和優(yōu)點： 1）大多數(shù)采用了先進的控制技術(shù) 現(xiàn)在 PCB工業(yè)中人們使用的數(shù)控鉆銑床大多數(shù)采用了先進的主從結(jié)構(gòu)的多微計算機 C數(shù)控技術(shù)，也可稱為一主多從的多 CPU 控制技術(shù)。另外，數(shù)控雕刻機也逐步被投入如：大功率 LED 鋁基板、金屬電極、美術(shù)工藝禮品、眼鏡框架加工等領(lǐng)域。數(shù)控雕刻機已成為模具制造行業(yè)必不可少的加工機床裝備。本課題擬通過對數(shù)控機機械結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計，幫助學生加深對本專業(yè)的相關(guān)知識理解和提高綜合運用專業(yè)知識能力。s world, modern industrial technology are rapidly developing with each passing day. In the field of machinery manufacturing, people are increasingly high requirements for the quality, accuracy and efficiency of the machine parts. Therefore, for a machine with a new generation of machined parts is also increasing. In this trend, driven by CNC machine tools transform the structure optimization design bees very significant. A large number of CNC machine tools just mushroomed into the machinery manufacturing industry. Such as CNC engraving machine plays an important role in the field of mold, PCB circuit board, and advertising signs. In this paper, surveys and studies have been done of the fixed beam CNC engraving machine CNC machine tools development at home and abroad as well as its outlook for manufacturing in the future, and the structure of the CNC machine to do the research and design optimization, the overall layout design machine main drive system design (the electric spindle or motor directly connected to the transmission structure), machine tool feed motion systems (rail and ball screw) structural design, the ball screw calculation of selection and check the bearing and motor the calculation and selection, and finally the use of CAD drawing software to draw the general assembly drawing of the machine, some parts diagram and structure diagram. Key words: CNC engraving and milling machine； spindle； rail； ball screw V 目 錄 摘 要 ............................................................................................................................................III ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. IV 目 錄 .............................................................................................................................................V 1 緒論 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 數(shù)控雕刻技術(shù)的產(chǎn)生 .......................................................................................................... 1 本課題研究的內(nèi)容及意義 .................................................................................................. 1 國內(nèi)外研究狀況及其發(fā)展趨勢 .......................................................................................... 1 雕 刻 機機械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的主要技術(shù)指標 .............................................................................. 4 2 雕 刻 機總體布局方案設(shè)計 ......................................................................................................... 5 數(shù)控雕 刻 機布局要求及影響因素 ...................................................................................... 5 數(shù)控雕 刻 機總體結(jié)構(gòu)布局 .................................................................................................. 6 數(shù)控雕 刻 機結(jié)構(gòu)的改良對比 .............................................................................................. 7 工作臺的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 .............................................................................................................. 9 本章小結(jié) ............................................................................................................................ 10 3 主傳動系統(tǒng)的 方案設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................... 11 主運動傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................ 11 電主軸 ................................................................................................................................ 12 電主軸的介紹 ........................................................................................................... 12 電主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)及其優(yōu)點 ........................................................................................... 12 電主軸的安裝 ........................................................................................................... 14 本章小結(jié) ............................................................................................................................ 14 4 機床進給系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................... 15 進給傳動系統(tǒng)選擇 ............................................................................................................ 15 進給傳動系統(tǒng)的要求 ............................................................................................... 15 進給傳動系統(tǒng)的基本形式 ....................................................................................... 15 以上幾種傳動方案的簡介和比較 ........................................................................... 15 滾珠絲杠系統(tǒng) .................................................................................................................... 17 滾珠絲杠副的選擇 ................................................................................................... 17 滾珠絲杠支承結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................................... 17 支承軸承的選擇 ..................................