【正文】 the deployment and technical measures, should be around to avoid excessive soil stress release, to avoid excessive construction load of soil, reasonable control of soil displacement and stress release, such principles. 3 Operating Points Excavators deployed 1) The basis of soft soil prestressed concrete pipe replacement rate is generally around 4%, before excavation practical understanding of the following circumstances under which the preparation of excavation construction plan, deploy, and technical measures clearly digging: a site geological conditions, b around adjacent building (structure) and the need to protect the pipeline case, c enclosure design, d pile length, pile spacing, pile foundation design exchange rate situation, e piling order, piling records and other foundation construction situation. 2) Excavation should be carried out subskin, skin thickness should be controlled in each of about 2m (soil nailing pit envelope layer under the soil nail wall thickness control), after the excavation of excavation under the skin epithelium. Pit excavation 8 leaving in graded steps, step width and the depth of excavation over the next steps should be 5 or more. Earth pit should be set to avoid the pond scum ramp so weak block, put the soil on both sides of the ramp slope coefficient of less than 1: should be considered in the sprayed concrete slope protection, soil particularly bad should be added 200 200 steel mesh. Should be avoided in the earth piles on both sides of the ramp slope, such as dense pile can not be avoided should be considered or gunite reinforced grouted, or switch to steel bridge as the earthwork ramp. 3) Edge against edge piling excavation, excavation and pile interval should be pleted in 15 days or more (more than 10 days drilling play). 4) Caps, ground beam position if the soil is still poor, the appropriate use of artificial excavation, avoid digging machine loading and vibration effects on the soil. 5) Cut pile arrangement should think ahead. Excavation before exposing the surface of the pile should be cut first。采用表層鋪設(shè)塘渣、枕木、路基箱等方式加固地基，分散樁機荷載。 6）為了 減少靜力壓樁的擠土效應(yīng)對土方開挖的影響，選擇以下的措施： a 設(shè)置袋裝砂井或塑料排水板，用來消除部分超孔隙水壓力，減少擠土現(xiàn)象。坑內(nèi)分級挖土留設(shè)臺階，臺階寬度與臺階下挖土深度的比值應(yīng)在 5以上。 1 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯 院（系） 建筑工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 土木工程 班 級 090702 姓 名 史 斌 學(xué) 號 090702120 2020 年 6 月 2 軟土質(zhì)條件下管樁施工的技術(shù)措施 摘 要 ： 高強度預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁（ PHC）以其樁身混凝土的強度高，適應(yīng)性強，具有較好的沖擊性能，穿透能力 強，承載力高，抗彎抗裂性能好，施工方便快捷，質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，可靠度高，耐久性好等優(yōu)點，被廣泛應(yīng)用到高層建筑基礎(chǔ)?？觾?nèi)土方坡道設(shè)置應(yīng)該避開塘泥等軟弱區(qū)塊，坡道兩側(cè)土體的放坡系數(shù)不超過 1: 時應(yīng)考慮噴射砼護坡，土質(zhì)特別差的應(yīng)加設(shè) 200200 鋼筋網(wǎng)片。袋裝砂井的直徑一般為 70～ 80mm，間距 l～ ，深度 10～ 12m。 (2) 減小擠土效應(yīng)的技術(shù)措施 a 根據(jù)工程的經(jīng) 驗，白天打樁引起的土體位移增加值會在夜晚停止的時候大約有 25％的下降，如果夜晚繼續(xù)打樁，擠土效應(yīng)引起的土體水平、豎向位移會一直增加不下降。 excavation process, the process should be based on subexcavation cut off. 6) Digging machines, vehicles should be chosen to