【正文】 措施包括：氣象、水文監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，預警預報系統(tǒng)和決策支持系統(tǒng)建設等。 其破壞性強的突出表現(xiàn)是造成人員傷亡和基礎設施損壞嚴重，恢復難度很大，有的甚至具有毀滅性。 據(jù) 1950～ 1990 年統(tǒng)計資料，我國洪澇災害死亡人數(shù)共計 萬人，其中山丘區(qū)死亡人數(shù) 萬人，占總死亡人數(shù)的 %，年均死亡人數(shù) 3707 人。1 The early warning system of flood disasters significance As we all know, China is extremely frequent flood disasters hit countries, annual flood season flash floods triggered by rainfall, mudslides, landslides have caused heavy casualties and property losses, not only seriously threaten the lives of the masses, but the majority of seriously restricting the mountain hill areas of economic and social development and the people bee rich, of building a moderately prosperous society goals. According to statistics from 1950 to 1990, China39。 a rapid and practical assessment system and postconstruction management system. 8 山洪災害預警系統(tǒng)研究的重要意義 眾所周知，我國是山洪災害極其頻繁嚴重的國家，每年汛期由降雨引發(fā)的山洪、泥石流、滑坡都造成了大量人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失，不僅嚴重威脅著廣大人民群眾的生命安全，而且嚴重制約著廣大山丘區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展和人民群眾的脫貧致富，影響全面建設小康社會目標的實現(xiàn)。 來勢兇猛、 破壞性強 由于山區(qū)河流底坡陡，流程短，流速快，沖擊力強，破壞性大，對工礦、交通及居民生命財產(chǎn)的危害都十分嚴重。工程措施包括：山洪溝、泥石流、滑坡治理；水利工程除險加固， 山洪災害威脅區(qū)水土保持治理等。 山洪災害預警系統(tǒng)建設目標 按照 “ 安全、先進、高效、可靠 ” 的建設目標 ，水文監(jiān)測及遠程預警系統(tǒng)為 山洪災害防御系統(tǒng)工程的核心，其建設的總體目標為：應用穩(wěn)定可靠的信息采12 集設備和成熟先進的通信手段，收集防汛基礎資料，將流域內(nèi)的實時雨情和水情快速 準確地發(fā)送到防汛指揮中心；在當前計算機軟、硬件基礎上，建設完善、合理的防汛信息綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫，實現(xiàn)水情信息的自動采集、實時傳輸和有序存儲，使水情信息在局域網(wǎng)上共享；利用 WWW 技術(shù)，選用 B/S 模式，建立實用、可靠、高效、先進的信息查詢顯示系統(tǒng)；研制流域洪水預報預警系統(tǒng)，對洪水大小和發(fā)生時間作出準確的預測，并通過專用網(wǎng)絡、公用網(wǎng)絡和廣播電視媒體對災區(qū)群眾發(fā)布；建立快速實用的災情評估系統(tǒng)和災后建設管理系統(tǒng)。 地形是導致山洪災害的基礎因素 陡峭的地形地貌為洪水、泥石流、滑坡提供了強大的勢能，使降雨產(chǎn)生的徑流順坡而下，向溝谷匯集，快速形成強大的洪峰流量，進而誘發(fā)泥石流和滑坡的發(fā)生 。 山洪災害預警系統(tǒng)研究方法 山洪災害主要特點 突發(fā)性強 山洪災害多由暴雨所致，由于暴雨強度大， 加上特定的地質(zhì)、地貌等下墊面條件，導致山洪來勢兇猛。 when danger es, or the initial issuance of flash floods, monitoring or a responsible person that the villagers, it is necessary to take rapidgong, put gun, phone calls, pull preset alarm and other people to know the signal, dutybound to the downstream village quickly, farmers alarm, while the local government and the flood control department to report to the government and the flood control authorities to immediately release to alert the wider downstream, broadcast notices or munications police, emergency rescue anizations. The objective of mountain flood warning systems Accordance with the safe, advanced, efficient and reliable, the goal of building, hydrological monitoring and early warning system for the remote mountain flood prevention systems engineering core, the construction of the overall objectives are: a stable and reliable application of information collection of advanced equipment and sophisticated means of munication, flood control and basic data collection, realtime within the basin and the rainfall regime quickly and accurately sent to the flood control center。s heavy rain area, flash floods disasterprone areas and populated areas overlap, more so the losses caused by flash floods layers increased. Statistics show that more than 2100 countylevel administrative region of China, there are more than 1,500 distribution in Mountainous Areas by the flash floods, mudslides, landslides threaten a population of 7,400 people. September 4, 2021, Premier Wen Jiabao instructed: torrential disasters, causing huge losses, disaster prevention and disaster reduction has bee a 2 prominent issue. Must make the fight against flood disasters in an important position to conscien