【正文】 sinusoidal voltage at its natural frequency to the transducers。新一代的安全系統(tǒng)也會起到同樣的效果。這種傳感器需要一項更大的投資以應(yīng)對汽車所處的極端環(huán)境狀態(tài)。 ABS 防抱死系統(tǒng)是獨立的，只提供四分之一的這樣的容量，而 ABS 和牽引控制系統(tǒng)組合在一起的容量只有這個軟件容量的一半。這種情況是駕駛員不能感覺類似于 ABS 防抱死系統(tǒng)接近于抱死極限，而使車輛不失去控制。另外，系統(tǒng)采用了用于導(dǎo)彈制導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的回旋傳感器。工程師默西迪絲在柏林應(yīng)用戴姆勒奔馳汽車虛擬駕駛模擬器在極限情況下對系統(tǒng)進行評估，例如極強的側(cè)風(fēng)。穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)幫助駕駛員從不可控制的曲線制動中解脫出來，從而避免了汽車的擺動滑行和交通事故。 利用計算機和一系列 傳感器，穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)能夠檢測到制動輪的打滑并且比人更快的恢復(fù)對汽車的方向控制。然后他們在瑞典的安杰普勞附近的后娜瓦安湖的冰面上進行性能測試。 優(yōu)于 ABS 防抱死系統(tǒng)和牽引控制系統(tǒng)之處 根據(jù)范穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)能夠通過發(fā)動機降速或者單輪制動來減小推動力。 除了 ABS 防抱死系統(tǒng)和牽引控制系統(tǒng)所具有的關(guān)系傳感器外， VDC/ESP 運用了偏航比率傳感器，橫向加速度傳感器，轉(zhuǎn)向角傳感器，制動壓力傳感器來獲取汽車的加速，搖擺或者剎車的信息。同時偏航比率回轉(zhuǎn)儀的價格必須降低，這樣才能 充分應(yīng)用與汽車。 附件： Spin control for cars Stability control systems are the latest in a string of technologies focusing on improved diriving safety. Such systems detect the initial phases of a skid and restore directional control in 40 milliseconds, seven times faster than the reaction time of the average human. They correct vehicle paths by adjusting engine torque or applying the left orrightside brakes, or both, as needed. The technology has already been applied to the MercedesBenz S600 coupe. Automatic stability systems can detect the onset of a skid and bring a fishtailing vehicle back on course even before its driver can react. Safety glass, seat belts, crumple zones, air bags, antilock brakes, traction control, and now stability control. The continuing progression of safety systems for cars has yielded yet another device designed to keep occupants from injury. Stability control systems help drivers recover from uncontrolled skids in curves, thus avoiding spinouts and accidents. Using puters and an array of sensors, a stability control system detects the onset of a skid and restores directional control more quickly than a human driver can. Every microsecond, the system takes a snapshot, calculating whether a car is going exactly in the direction it is being steered. If there is the slightest difference between where the driver is steering and where the vehicle is going, the system corrects its path in a splitsecond by adjusting engine torque and/or applying the cat39。 another pair, which is displaced by 90 degrees, stabilizes the vibration. At both element pairs in between, socalled vibration nodes shift slightly depending on the rotation of the car about its vertical axis. If there is no yaw input, the vibration forms a standing wave. With a rate input, the positions of the nodes and antinodes move around the cylinder wall in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation (Coriolis acceleration). This slight shift serves as a measure for the yaw rate (angular velocity) of the car. Several drivers who have had handson experience with the new systems in slippery cornering conditions speak of their cars being suddenly nudged back onto the right track just before it seems that their back ends might break away. Some observers warn that stability controls might lure some drivers into overconfidence in lowfriction driving situations, though they are in the minority. It may, however, be necessary to instruct drivers as to how to use the new capability properly. Recall that drivers had to learn not to pump antilock brake systems. Although little detail has been reported regarding nextgeneration active safety systems for future cars (beyond various types of costly radar proximity scanners and other similar systems), it is clear that accidentavoidance is the theme for automotive safety engineers. The most survivable accident is the one that never happens, said ITT39。s desired motion from the steering angle, the accelerator pedal position, and the brake pressure while determining the vehicle39。圓柱的薄壁上有壓電元件能夠在 15 千赫茲的頻率下震動。方向盤上的傳感器由一組安裝在方向盤上的發(fā)光二極管和光敏二極管上組成。一旦偏離角度超過某一限度，駕駛員就很難重新進行操作。伊哈德，杰瑞 穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)將在 1995 年中 應(yīng)用于歐洲 S 系列產(chǎn)品上，隨后會在 1996 年進入美國市場（ 1995 年 11 月產(chǎn)品）。如果檢測到汽車行駛路線和駕駛員駕駛路線存在一個微小的偏差 ，系統(tǒng)會在瞬間糾正發(fā)動機扭矩或者應(yīng)用汽車左右制動。 安全玻璃，安全帶，撞擊緩沖區(qū)，安全氣囊， ABS 系統(tǒng)，牽引力控制系統(tǒng)還有現(xiàn)在的穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)在博世公司被稱為汽車動力控制（ VDC），而默西迪稱它為穩(wěn)定電控系統(tǒng)（ ESP），作用就是在任何狀況下維持車輛的穩(wěn)定性。為了檢測出車輛轉(zhuǎn)彎時潛在的危險， DSC 系統(tǒng)檢測的是兩前輪在轉(zhuǎn)彎時的速度差， DSC 系統(tǒng)添加了一個更高級的角度傳感器利用現(xiàn)有的一個車輛速度，并且引入了它自身帶有的關(guān)于完全抱死系統(tǒng)，牽引控制系統(tǒng)，穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)軟件控制原理。 轉(zhuǎn)向操作 新系統(tǒng)通過對微小的汽車不足轉(zhuǎn)向（當(dāng)車輛對于方向盤操作反應(yīng)遲緩）和方向盤的“過敏”反應(yīng)（后輪發(fā)生來回擺動）。范桑特說 ：“ 48KB 的內(nèi)存容量是大量用以完成設(shè)計任務(wù)的‘智能’的代表”?，F(xiàn)有的回轉(zhuǎn)儀