【正文】 對出現(xiàn)故障的歷史活動的證據(jù)，有時會獲得通過觀察斷裂在一個戰(zhàn)壕暴露，地質(zhì)年輕的存款。 方程（ 1）經(jīng)驗。 另一種是稱為正斷層 相對運動時，在一個向上向下的方向，是一個幾乎垂直于斷層面上。這將調(diào)用結(jié)構(gòu)的修改，或者可能是激進的重新安排，因此必須對結(jié)構(gòu)性的設(shè)計進行全面審查。該大樓的功能將導致自然提供 的墻壁圍分裂和空間，和內(nèi)核，以遏制和傳達，如電梯服務(wù)。 therefore careful planning and anization of the construction sequence bee essential. The storytostory uniformity of most multistory buildings encourages construction through repetitive operations and prefabrication techniques. Progress in the ability to build tall has gone hand in hand with the development of more efficient equipment and improved methods of construction. Earthquake Faults The origin of an earthquake An earthquake originates on a plane of weakness or a fracture in the earth39。 此外，商業(yè)和旅游界與流動性日益增加，已促使更多的，經(jīng)常的高層需要，市中心酒店住宿。 的跨垂直截面面積的成員將根據(jù)其相關(guān)地區(qū)的支流與積累負荷削減，以考慮到，并非所有的樓層將同時受到其最大的活荷載的概率。 這次地震深度一般起源于對故障點的地球內(nèi)部的壓力下產(chǎn)生的支路是最長的。這些運動在結(jié)構(gòu)上施加的力量，因為他們加快。這種故障是要積極發(fā)現(xiàn)只有在實際上下降和地表破裂。 三、指導教師審核意見： 指導教師簽字 年 月 日 ?？上г谀壳盃顩r的最先進的有一個潛在的活斷層識別大量的不確定性。這是一個強調(diào)的是，逐漸形成，在地球的地殼巖石釋放。關(guān)于一個斷層的一側(cè)地球幻燈片或單就在地球?qū)γ鏅M向和 /或垂直，這會生成一個向各個方向傳播向外震動。 一旦結(jié)構(gòu)功能布局已經(jīng)確定，設(shè)計過程中普遍遵循明確的迭代過程。 高商業(yè)樓宇，主要是對商業(yè)活動的需求響應(yīng)作為彼此接近，并到城市中心，如可能，從而使在現(xiàn)有的土地空間的巨大壓力。s surface directly above this point is called the epicenter. The main or greatest shock is usually followed by numerous smaller aftershocks. These aftershocks are produced by slippage at other points on the fault or in the fault zone. Types of earthquake faults Faults are classified in accordance with the direction and nature of the relative displacement of the earth at the fault plane. Probably the most mon type is the strikeslip fault in which the relative fault displacement is mainly horizontal across an essentially vertical fault plane. The great San Andreas fault in California is of the type. Another type is termed a normal fault — when the relative movement is in an upward an downward direction on a nearly vertical fault plane. The great Alaskan earthquake of 1964 was apparently of this type. A less mon type is the thrust fault — when the earth is under pressive stress across the fault and the slippage is in an upward and downward direction along an inclined fault plane. The San Fernando earthquake was generated on what has usually been classified as a thrust fault, although there was about as much lateral slippage as up and down slippage due to thrust across the inclined fault plane. Some authorities refer to this bined action as lateral thrust faulting. The pressive strain in the earth of the San Fernando Valley floor just south of the thrust fault was evidenced in many places by buckled sidewalks and asphalt paving. Forces exerted by an earthquake Slippage along the fault occurs suddenly. It is a release of stress that has gradually builtup in the rocks of the earth39。 不可避免的結(jié)構(gòu)因素的主要功能是抵抗建筑物及其內(nèi)容的重力負荷重量。 勃起速度是在獲得在這樣大規(guī)模的項目涉及投資回報的重要因素。一個不太常見的類型是逆沖斷層 當?shù)厍蛏系臄鄬酉聣簯?yīng)力和滑移有上升和下跌態(tài)勢 發(fā)展的方 向沿傾斜斷層面。這個比例被稱為地震系數(shù)。 在出現(xiàn)故障破裂或形成陡坎 近似的時間已經(jīng)被放射性碳在破裂或懸崖發(fā)現(xiàn)木頭分析確定在某些情況下。但是斷層破裂可能很困難或不可能看到嵌 、 材料，如