【正文】 s needs。s financial, operational, accounting and other efforts are just water, Jing Zhonghua. Because sales are the basis of profitability, many panies set up a chief marketing officer (CMO), the position equivalent to chief executive officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and other authorities (C) level managers. From consumer goods panies to medical insurance panies, industrial panies from the nonprofit anization to advocate will release results of their recent marketing reports, which can be found on their website. Commercial media has numerous marketing strategies and tactics on the article. However, marketing is also a plex and delicate work, it has also bee big business in many of the oncegreat Achilles39。推銷觀念可以用可口可樂的前營(yíng)銷副總裁賽爾西奧甚至，他們還把這個(gè)概念引申到非消費(fèi)者群體，如選舉者市場(chǎng)、勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)和捐贈(zèng)市場(chǎng)。一旦達(dá)成協(xié)議，我們就說發(fā)生了交易行為。我們認(rèn)為營(yíng)銷管理作為一種藝術(shù)和科學(xué)的結(jié)合，它需要選擇目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)，通過創(chuàng)造、傳遞和傳播優(yōu)質(zhì)的顧客價(jià)值，獲得、保持和發(fā)展顧客。商業(yè)媒體有著數(shù)不清的關(guān)于營(yíng)銷方面的戰(zhàn)略和戰(zhàn)術(shù)方面的文章。 然而，營(yíng)銷也是復(fù)雜入圍的工作，它也成為許多曾經(jīng)的大企業(yè)的神兵利器。 我們從社會(huì)和管理的角度對(duì)營(yíng)銷下定義。交易是由雙方之間的價(jià)值交換所構(gòu)成的， A 把 X 物給予 B 以換得 Y。 三、營(yíng)銷管理的演變 (一 )生產(chǎn)觀念 生產(chǎn)觀念是指導(dǎo)賣者行為的最古老的觀念之一。齊曼的話來概括：營(yíng)銷就是銷售更多的商品給更多德人以獲得更多的收入，從而贏得更多的利潤(rùn)。 heel. Many large panies such as Sears, Levi39。 how different countries in product pricing。 how to adjust the characteristics of goods and services to suit each country39。 附件 2：外文原文 （復(fù)印件） Marketing Management This article will address the following issues: ● the importance of marketing ● Basic knowledge of marketing ● Evolution of Marketing Management Marketing really is everywhere around us German people or anizations engaged in the most formal or informal activities can be counted as marketing, good marketing is increasingly being an important factor in business success. Marketing on our daily lives with a profound impact, from the wearing of clothing to the Inter by clicking the ads, it has been rooted in our daily lives. Successful marketing is not accidental, requires sophisticated planning and operations. The definition of marketing all walks of life are constantly changing in order to increase their success rate. But good marketing plan is small and difficult to achieve. Marketing is an art and science with the subject, it has both the practice of the model, they need creative inspiration. ■ First, the importance of marketing Marketing capabilities are often the profit guarantee. If there is no sufficient market for products and services to create demand for the pany profits, then the pany39。公司可以利用一系列有效的推銷和促銷工具去刺激他們大量購(gòu)買。他們談及需求市場(chǎng)（如減肥產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)），談及產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)（如鞋類市場(chǎng)），談及人口統(tǒng)計(jì)市場(chǎng)（如青年市場(chǎng)），也談及地區(qū)市場(chǎng)（如法國(guó)市場(chǎng)）。交換的發(fā)生，必須符合五個(gè)條件： ●至少要有兩方 ●每一方都有被對(duì)方認(rèn)為有價(jià)值的東西 ●每一方都能溝通信息和傳送貨物 ●每一方都可以自由接受或拒絕對(duì)方的產(chǎn)品 ●每一方都認(rèn)為與另一方進(jìn)行交易是適當(dāng)?shù)幕蚍Q心如意的 如果雙方正在進(jìn)行談判，并趨于達(dá)成協(xié)議， 這就意味著他們正在進(jìn)行交換。營(yíng)銷管理的發(fā)生，是在一樁潛在交易中至少額愛一方正考慮著從另一方獲得所渴求反應(yīng)的手段時(shí)。從消費(fèi)者市場(chǎng)和廠商到醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)，從非盈利組織到工業(yè)品廠商的會(huì)發(fā)布鼓吹他們最近的營(yíng)銷業(yè)績(jī)的報(bào)道，這些都能 在他們的網(wǎng)站上很好很快的找到。也多有名聲的大公司，比如西爾斯、李維斯、通用汽車、柯達(dá)和樂施等知名企業(yè)第一承認(rèn)要面對(duì)更強(qiáng)大的消費(fèi)者和新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，好的營(yíng)銷手段是制勝的法寶。一個(gè)社會(huì)角度的定義表示了營(yíng)銷的社會(huì)作用。瓊斯給史密斯 400 美元，從而得到一臺(tái)電視機(jī)。它認(rèn)為，消費(fèi)者喜愛那些可以隨處得到的、價(jià)格低廉的產(chǎn)品。 推銷觀念被大量用于推銷那些非渴求商品。s, General Motors, Kodak and Xerox and other wellknown panies have recognized the face of more powerful to consumers and new petitors. Therefore, they had to reexamine their business model. Even as Microsoft, Ao Erma, Intel and Nike have acknowledged market leader in this kind of pressure. ? Jack Welch (former CEO of General Electric Company) has constantly warned his staff: Either change, or fail. To make the right decisions is not easy, marketing manager faces a number of major decisions, for example, in new product design features is what kinds of products, how to develop the price, choose what kind of sales channels, advertising, or how much money sellers 。 how to make publicity for their cultural habits of each country. Make these decisions to face the different legal systems, different approach to negotiations, as well as how to purchase, possess, dispose of property rights to the different requirements they have to face a different language, national political orientation, fluctuatio