【正文】 4112 2 6 .5 1 0 10401251 .3 5 1 0 4 0 9 .3 6150AtTF t NdkF Nmmb??? ? ???? 18 載荷系數(shù) 查文獻(xiàn) [28]表 得彈性系數(shù) EZ ＝ 。 72 1 / 2 .1 7 1 2 5 1 0N L N L i? ? ? 式 () 接觸壽命系數(shù) ZN:查文獻(xiàn) [28]圖 得 1NZ = ， 2NZ = 。 第一齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)計(jì)算 齒圈及齒輪的材料選用滲碳鋼，熱處理為滲碳淬火。特別是多云天氣會(huì)試圖跟蹤云層邊緣的亮點(diǎn)，電機(jī)往復(fù)運(yùn)行，造成了能源的浪費(fèi)和部件的額外磨損。每象限的分界線與 X軸均成 45 度，小圓為第 V像限。 在設(shè)定跟蹤地點(diǎn)和基準(zhǔn)零點(diǎn)后，控制系統(tǒng)會(huì)按照太陽的地平坐標(biāo)公式自動(dòng)運(yùn)算太陽的高度角和方位角。小齒輪 2 帶動(dòng)齒圈 2 和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)架轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，通過馬達(dá) 馬達(dá) 2 的共同工作實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)太陽方 8 位角和高度角的跟蹤。系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)：該跟蹤機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，造價(jià)低。 [16]1998 年美國(guó)加州成功的研究了 ATM 兩軸跟蹤器，并在太陽能面板上裝有集中陽光的透鏡，這樣可以使小塊的太陽能面板硅收集更多的能量，使效率進(jìn)一步提高。為了降低太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)成本，美國(guó)政府最近制定了陽光計(jì)劃，大幅度增加了光伏發(fā)電的財(cái)政投入，加快 多晶硅和薄膜半導(dǎo)體材料的研發(fā)，提高太陽能光伏電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率。香港大學(xué)建筑系的教授研究了太陽光照角度與太陽能接收率的關(guān)系， [11]理論分析表明 :太陽的跟蹤與非跟蹤，能量的接收率相差 %，精確的跟蹤太陽可使接收器的接收效率大大提高，進(jìn)而提高了太陽能裝置的太陽能利用率，拓寬了太陽能的利用領(lǐng)域。這種全球性的能源危機(jī)，迫使各國(guó)政府投入大量的人力和財(cái)力，研究和開發(fā)新能源，如太陽能等。例如被人們稱為 “ 日光城 ” 的拉薩市， 1961 年至 1970 年的平均值，年平均日照時(shí)間為 ，相對(duì)日照為 68％，年平均晴天為 天，陰天為 天，年平均云量為 ，太陽總輻射為 816KJ/cm2s rays has a deviation, small gear are rotated by stepper motor according to the control signal from MCU. And the large gear and main spindle is rotated by small gear in order to track to achieve the level direction. At the same time, another small gear is rotated by another stepper motor according to the control the large gear and the solar panels are rotated by the small gear in order to track to achieve the vertical direction. Solar is tracked by the two stepper motors together. Second, control system part is designed. Control system mainly includes the sensors part, stepper motor, MCU system and the corresponding external circuit, and so on. Photoelectric detection system is used to track solar. Sensors use photosensitive resistance. The two same photosensitive resistances were placed in east and west direction of the bottom edge .When the two photosensitive resistances received different light at the same time, the signal from parison circuit is sent to MCU in order to rotate stepping motors. Keywords Solar energy Tracking Photosensitive resistance SCM Stepping motor I 目 錄 1 緒論 ........................................................................................................................................... 1 課題來源 ................................................................................................................................ 1 課題背景 ................................................................................................................................ 1 能源現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展 .............................................................................................................. 1 我國(guó)太陽能資源 ............................................................................................................. 1 目前太陽能的開發(fā)和利用 ............................................................................................. 2 太陽能的特點(diǎn) .................................................................................................................. 2 課題研究的目的 ................................................................................................................. 2 研究課題的意義 .................................................................................................................... 2 新環(huán)保能源 ..................................................................................................................... 2 提高太陽能的利用率 ..................................................................................................... 3 太陽能利用的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................ 3 太陽追蹤系統(tǒng)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................................ 4 論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容 .................................................................................................................... 5 論文結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................................................................ 5 2 太陽能自動(dòng) 跟蹤 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................. 6 太陽運(yùn)行的規(guī)律 .................................................................................................................... 6 跟蹤器機(jī)械執(zhí)行部分比較選擇 ............................................................................................ 6 立柱轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)式跟蹤器 ......................................................................................................... 6 陀螺儀式跟 蹤器 ............................................................................................................. 7 齒圈轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)式跟蹤器 .......................................................................................................... 7 本課題的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方案 ................................................................................................. 8 跟蹤方案的比較選擇 ............................................................................................................ 8 視日運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡跟蹤 .......................................................................................................... 9 光電跟蹤 .......................................................................................................................... 9 視日運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡跟蹤和光電跟蹤相結(jié)合 ........................................................................ 11 本設(shè)計(jì)的跟蹤方案 ....................................................................................................... 12 3 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)部分 ......................................................................................................................... 13 太陽能自動(dòng)跟蹤系統(tǒng)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方案 .................................................................................. 13 第一齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)計(jì)算 .............................................................................................................. 13 材料選擇 .................................................................................