【正文】 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 have /has+v 過去分詞 助動(dòng)詞 否定 haven’ t hasn’t 疑問 Have you……? Has he……? ，不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用； 示過去的具體時(shí)間連用（ last, ago, yesterday, etc. ） present past I have lived here for two years I lived there 2 years ago 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某時(shí)的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而多用一般過去時(shí)。 I saw Mary an hour ago. She lost her handbag yesterday . 有些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，既能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，又能用于一般過去時(shí)，但意義上有差別。 常與 since或 for連用 (動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性要通過一段時(shí)間來表示 ) . Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China for 和 since的運(yùn)用對(duì)比 : for: +一段時(shí)間 for two weeks for three years since 過去的某一時(shí)刻 since then since last month 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 since she left 注意 :for 和 since 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都 表示一段時(shí)間 . He has been away for a week. He has been away since last week. 對(duì)劃線部分提問都用How long 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)是中考的必考時(shí)態(tài)，由于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)既涉及到過去，又聯(lián)系到現(xiàn)在，和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)既有聯(lián)系，又有 區(qū)別，所以同學(xué)們掌握起來比較困難。 I’ ve written three letters this morning.（說話時(shí)仍是上午） I wrote three letters this morning. （說話時(shí)仍是上午或晚上） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或事情發(fā)生在過去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去；而一般過去時(shí)只表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或事情。如： 表示過去發(fā)生 ， 目前還有可能仍在繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或事情 。 I have taught this class for ten years. （還在教） I taught this class for two years. （曾教過兩年，現(xiàn)在不教了） . We have had the book for three years. . He has had a cold for three days. We bought the book three years ago. He