【正文】 The Chinese character Hao, which bines symbol for “woman” with the symbol for “boy”, means “good”. 定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中這類“無靈主語(yǔ)”與“有靈動(dòng)詞”搭配的句式不僅比漢語(yǔ)多，而且使用場(chǎng)合也比漢語(yǔ)廣。這類文體主要指科技文體、新聞文體、公文文體以及論述文體。 這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)往往顯得虛弱或平淡無味。英語(yǔ)造句常用各種形式手段來連接詞、短語(yǔ)、分句或從句，注重顯性接應(yīng)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊嚴(yán)密，句子以形現(xiàn)義。英語(yǔ)可以運(yùn)用豐富的詞綴構(gòu)詞造句，即通過詞形變化，改變?cè)~性，用這些次靈活組句，表達(dá)一個(gè)幾乎相同的意思。英語(yǔ)句子有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹髦^結(jié)構(gòu)。主語(yǔ)不可或缺，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是句子的中心。如：He moved astonishingly fast.He moved with astonishing rapidity.His movements were astonishingly rapid.His rapid movements astonished us.His movements astonished us by their rapidity.The rapidity of his movements was astonishing.The rapidity with which he moved astonished us.He astonished us by moving rapidly.2） 構(gòu)形形態(tài)，即表達(dá)語(yǔ)法意義的詞形變化。英語(yǔ)中的連接手段和形式不僅數(shù)量大，種類多，而且使用頻繁。Examples: Who will take charge of your mother when you are away? Let’s have a look at the picture.5）用形容詞或副詞表達(dá)動(dòng)詞的意義。 She was astounded that her boy friend was not prepared to present her a bunch of rose.The basic English sentence patterns can be varied in many ways.The decimal, or tenscale, system is used for scientific purpose throughout the world, even in countries whose national system of weights and measurements are based upon other scales.Under heavy police guard, the dinner was finally held in a marquee near the village of Welshpool in the country of Powys. Your salary and period of appointment and reappointment have been so recognized. 英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)式分為：結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)式（syntactic passive）和意義被動(dòng)式（notional passive），但在英語(yǔ)句子中，前者遠(yuǎn)比后者多。My good fortune has sent you to me , and we will never part. 我很幸運(yùn)，能夠得到你，讓我們永不分離吧。Convinced of the defendant’s guilt, the jury twisted the facts to support their judgment.分詞作狀語(yǔ)Everything considered, New York is a most exciting city. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)Repeated cheating on tests is risky and selfdefeating. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)That the Olympic Games have bee prohibitingly expensive is one reason why American cities show little interest in hosting it. （名詞從句作主語(yǔ)）The teacher will find that the general attitudes of students towards classroom munication fluctuate, not only from generation to generation or from decade to decade, but also almost from year to year.(介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))From a rhetorical point of view, sentences are loose sentence（松散句）、 periodic sentence（圓周句） and balanced sentence（平衡句）.A loose sentence refers to a sentence putting the main idea before all supplementary information. In other words, the reader would know what the sentence is mainly about when he has read the first few words. A loose sentence is easier, simple, more natural and direct.For example: Mr. Smith made up his mind to study Chinese culture, because he had great interest in it.He was sitting in a large chair before the fire when we entered the room. 尾重A periodic sentence refers to a sentence in which the main idea is expressed at or near the end of it. In other words, the reader would not know what the sentence is mainly about until he has read the whole sentence. Generally speaking, a periodic sentence is more plex, emphatic, formal or literary. For example:Although she was interested in French, he never studied it.When the class was over, the students went to the park.A balanced sentence means a sentence containing two or more parts similar in structure but contrasted in meaning. Generally speaking, a balanced sentence is emphatic, forceful and impressive because of its contrast and this kind of sentence is mainly used in formal writing, such as expository and argumentative prose, and speeches. For example:Upon hearing the news, I was angered, and he was saddened.It is the age that forms the man。 not a star could be seen.We tried to persuade her, but she refused to e.Complex sentence：He wanted to see whether he would be given another chance.I told him what I wanted to say.This is exactly what I want to say.Compoundplex： My father promised that he would meet me, but when I arrived at the station, he was nowhere to be seen.To cope with the difficult situation, we have to cut down our expenditures and practice economy. 不定式作狀語(yǔ) 。英語(yǔ)用非人稱作主語(yǔ)的句子可以分為兩類：1）用抽象名詞或無生命的事物名稱作主語(yǔ)，即“無靈主語(yǔ)” (inanimated subject)，同時(shí)使用表示人的動(dòng)作或行為的動(dòng)詞即“有靈動(dòng)詞”作謂語(yǔ)，因而，此句式往往帶有擬人化的修辭色彩，語(yǔ)氣含蓄，令人回味。一些信息性（informative）的文體多使用被動(dòng)句。此外，英語(yǔ)還常常將動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化或派生成名詞，置于虛化動(dòng)詞（如have, make ,do ,take 等）之后作賓語(yǔ),如 have a look, take a walk, pay visits, do some cleaning 等。 所謂形合，就是指句中的詞語(yǔ)或分句之間主要靠語(yǔ)言本身的語(yǔ)言形式手段，來表達(dá)語(yǔ)法和邏輯關(guān)系。相比之下，漢語(yǔ)的詞綴構(gòu)詞，無論是規(guī)模，還是種類都不及英語(yǔ)。本章對(duì)這些特征差異進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析和比較，這樣學(xué)生可以明確了解英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異，從而使學(xué)生在寫作中有意識(shí)地寫出符合英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)特征的英語(yǔ)句子。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞搭配，構(gòu)成句子的核心（kernel），英語(yǔ)句子主要有五種基本句型：SV、SCP、SVO、SvoO、SVOC。主要是動(dòng)詞的變化（conjugation）和名詞、代詞、形容詞及副詞的變化（declension）, 如：He gives me watch.He gave me a watch.He has given me two watches .嚴(yán)格說來，漢語(yǔ)沒有形態(tài)變化。主要的連接手段和形式有：1) 關(guān)系詞，2)連接詞，3) 介詞, 4) 其它連接手段,如形態(tài)變化,前后一致關(guān)系,以及it 和there 起連接作用。英語(yǔ)常用動(dòng)詞的同源形容詞與弱化動(dòng)詞相結(jié)合的方式表達(dá)動(dòng)詞的意義。結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)式指利用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) be + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞來表示。Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. 我興奮得什么話也說不出來。 not the man that forms the age.III How to write effective sentenceSentence should have a quality of Unity.Unity is of great importance for a sentence. A unified sentence must express a single plete thought. On the one hand, those, which are not closely related to the main idea, should not be included in a sentence。 II 、Sentence patterns and other variants一、Five types of basic sentence patterns For the correct construction of sentences, sentences structures are what sentence constructions are totally dependent on. Let’s go over the following five types of basic sentence patterns listed blown.二．Other variants （變體）Of all the sentences in English, apart from the five types of basic sentence patterns mentioned above, other sentences could be regarded as the variants of these five types of basic sentence patterns.Variation of Basic English Sentences （變式）Interrogative sentence changed from the narrative sentence. For example:Has the mobile phone been working well? Can we get to Beijing in an hour by plane?Negative sentence from positive sentence.