【正文】 當(dāng)我們說，繼電器“保護(hù)”的意思是繼電器聯(lián)同其他設(shè)備，有助于盡量減少損失和改善服務(wù)。 2 。 2 。朝著更高的可靠性不斷發(fā)展并且有著顯著的進(jìn)步，而且對于電力的依賴也越來越大。 breakers A and B and their associated backup equipment, being physically apart from the equipment that has failed, are not likely to be simultaneously affected as might be the case if breakers C and D were chosen instead.Fig. 3. Illustration for backup protection of transmission line section EF.The backup relays at locations A, B, and F provide backup protection if bus faults occur at station K. Also, the backup relays at A and F provide backup protection for faults in the line DB. In other words, the zone of protection of backup relaying extends in one direction from the location of any backup relay and at least overlaps each adjacent system element. Where adjacent line sections are of different length, the backup relays must over reach some line sections more than others in order to provide backup protection for the longest line. 繼電器保護(hù)的基本原理什么是繼電器保護(hù)？我們通常對一個電力系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識只停留在一些給人印象較深刻的方面——大的發(fā)電廠，變壓器，高壓線等等。就我國目前的電力能源結(jié)構(gòu)來看，我國主要是以火電為主，但是火電由于運行過程中污染大，在煤炭價格高漲的今天，火電的運行成本也較高，受鍋爐和其他火電廠用電設(shè)備的影響，其資源利用率較低，一般熱效率只有30%50%左右。它們的連接方式，對供電可靠、運行靈活、檢修方便以及經(jīng)濟(jì)合理等起著決定性的作用，它反映出電廠的整個供電系統(tǒng)全貌和其所選用的電氣設(shè)備、元件型號規(guī)格和數(shù)量以及它們之間的相互關(guān)系。(5) 按陡波沖擊電流選擇：10kV發(fā)電機(jī)的內(nèi)絕緣截斷雷電沖擊耐受電壓為75kV，其陡波沖擊電流下殘壓為，所選避雷器陡波沖擊電流下殘壓（峰值）,故滿足陡波沖擊電流下的殘壓要求。 斷路器的額定開斷電流不應(yīng)小于斷路器開斷瞬間的短路電流周期分量。單元接線的接線簡單、清晰、運行靈活、維護(hù)工作量少且繼電保護(hù)簡單，但由于主變壓器與高壓電氣設(shè)備增多，高壓設(shè)備布置場地增加，整個電氣接線投資也增大。③ 具有一定的靈活性和方便性，并能適應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)方監(jiān)控的要求。15座副壩，8號副壩長1543米，海拔高59米，寬6米，土方361萬立方米，如果用這些土方筑成1米高1米寬的城墻，可以從赤壁到北京來回繞2趟。6 結(jié)論與展望陸水電站電氣一次主接線計與主設(shè)備選擇畢業(yè)論文目 錄1 緒論 1 背景資料 1 論文概述 12 電氣主接線設(shè)計 3 赤壁市陸水電站設(shè)計基本參數(shù) 3 設(shè)計原則 3 各方案比較 43 廠用電設(shè)計 7 廠用電設(shè)計原則 74 短路電流計算 9 對稱短路電流計算 9 非對稱短路電流計算 145 電氣主設(shè)備選擇 23 對方案Ⅰ的各這設(shè)備選擇 23 斷路器和隔離開關(guān)的選擇 23 電流互感器的選擇 27 電壓互感器的選擇 28 避雷器的選擇 29 母線選擇 306 結(jié)論與展望 33致 謝 35參考文獻(xiàn) 37附 錄 39即可）：1 緒論隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，對能源的需求量也越來越大，然而能源的不足與需求之間的矛盾在近幾年不斷惡化，國家急需電力事業(yè)的發(fā)展，為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供保障。此外。主接線應(yīng)能適應(yīng)各種運行狀態(tài)，并能靈活地進(jìn)行方式的轉(zhuǎn)換。其110kv側(cè)的單母分段帶專用旁路斷路器的母線接線方式中,由于增加了分段其全廠停電的可能性為0，且任一臺斷路器檢修時都不會引起停電，其供電可靠性較高圖22 電氣主接線方案Ⅱ方案Ⅲ本方案采用了兩個擴(kuò)大單元接線，110kv側(cè)采用了雙母帶旁母的接線方式。即（4）按動穩(wěn)定電流選擇 電器允許通過的動穩(wěn)定電流不小于短路沖擊電流，即 G5～G8隔離開關(guān)的選擇（1）按額定電壓選擇： （2）按額定電流選擇： （3）按動穩(wěn)定選擇： 選擇D5，D6為LWA126型斷路器選擇G5～G8為GW14－110型隔離開關(guān)表52 所選各設(shè)備技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)與計算數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)備參數(shù)LWA126GW14－110計算數(shù)據(jù)110110110315063010240——20由上表可知所選斷路器和隔離開關(guān)的技術(shù)參數(shù)能滿足對于D7～D10斷路器，和G12～G23 隔離開關(guān)的選擇A 對110kV 側(cè)D7～D10斷路器選擇：（1） 按額定電壓選擇：斷路器的額定電壓不小于安裝地點電網(wǎng)額定電壓，即UN≥110 kV；（2）按額定電流選擇： 斷路器的額定電流不小于流過斷路器的長期負(fù)荷電流，即IN≥Imax＝＝kA （3）按開斷電流選擇：若在D7～D10下側(cè)短路電流時流過D7～,而在D7～D10上側(cè)短路時流過D7～D10短路電流為4臺發(fā)電機(jī)短路電流之和，＋＝，所以 按照D7～D10下側(cè)短路的短路電流來選擇設(shè)備，斷路器的額定開斷電流不應(yīng)小于斷路器開斷瞬間的短路電流周期分量。絕緣子的選擇：110kV側(cè)母線和線路側(cè)選擇ZS2110/1500型 母線選擇110kV主母線的選擇.① 母線類型的選擇：110kV主母線選擇LF－21Y－80/72型鋁錳合金管母線。它不僅是初步設(shè)計審查的重要內(nèi)容之一，同時也是將來電氣值班運行人員進(jìn)行各種操作的重要依據(jù)。與之相比水電就有很多明顯的優(yōu)勢。而在具有這些基本元素的同時還有許多其他必要的和重要的構(gòu)成。因此，不僅發(fā)生故障的概率降低，可能因耐受性產(chǎn)生的損害也減少了。設(shè)計承受由于短路電流而導(dǎo)致的機(jī)械應(yīng)力和熱量。儲備發(fā)電機(jī)，變壓器的能力。顯而易見，所有的減災(zāi)功能依賴于成功的減少因故障帶來的影響。因此，繼電保護(hù)是一個多功能的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與設(shè)備，在電氣故障發(fā)生時最大限度地減少設(shè)備損壞和中斷服務(wù)。備用電路。 b. 利用限流阻抗。因為處于對經(jīng)濟(jì)的考慮在任何特殊情況下，現(xiàn)代電力系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計采用了兩種不同程度保護(hù)。 but, since the short circuit is outside zone A,the relaying equipment of zone B must also trip certain breakers in zone A if that is necessary to interrupt the flow of short circuit current from zone A to the fault. This is not a disadvantage for a fault ,but the same breakers in ,will be trippedunnecessarily for other faults in zone B to the right of breaker C. Whether this unnecessary tripping is objectionable will depend on the particular application.Fig. 2. Overlapping adjacent protective zones on one side of a circuit breaker.BACKUP RELAYINGBackup relaying is employed only for protection against short circuits. Because short circuits are the preponderant type of power failure, there are more opportunities for failure in short primary relaying. Experience has shown that backup relaying for other than short circuits is not economically justifiable.A clear understanding of the possible causes of primaryrelaying failure is necessary for a better appreciation of the practices involved in backup relaying. When we say that primary relaying may fail, we mean that any of several things may happen to prevent primary relaying from causing the disconnection of a powersystem fault. Primary relaying may fail because of failure in any of the following:A. Current or voltage supply to the relays.B. Dc trippingvoltage supply.C. Protective relays.D. Tripping circuit or breaker mechanism.E. Circuit breaker.It is highly desirable that backup relaying be arranged so that anything that might cause primary relaying to fail will not also cause failure of backup relaying. It will be evident that this requirement is pletely satisfied only if the backup relays are located so that they do not employ or control anything in mon with the primary relays that are to be backed up. So far as possible, the practice is to locate the backup relays at a different station. Consider, for example, the backup relaying for the transmission line section EF of Fig. 3. The backup relays for this line section are normally arranged to trip breakers A, B, I, and J. Should breaker E fail to trip for a fault on the line section EF, breakers A and B are tripped。堅持不懈，永不放棄！參考文獻(xiàn) [1] [M].[2] [M].[3] [M].[4] [M].[5] [M]. [6] [M].[7] 阮全榮,康本賢,[M].[8] [M].[9] [M].[10] [M].[11] 張希泰,[M].[12] [D].[13] [D].[14] [D].[15] 劉滌塵. [M].武漢：武漢理工大學(xué)出版社，2002[16] 何仰贊. [M]. 2007[17] 彭鵬. 郭勁松東風(fēng)發(fā)電廠電氣一次主接線[J]. [18] 高軍華 計綠野 陳希英 水布埡水電站電氣主接線的設(shè)計與優(yōu)化[J]. [19] Guo Wei,Wang Li. Integrated Automation of Power Plant Electrical System. Department of Electrical Engineering[D].Southeast 210096，China[20] Huang Jian,Zhu Daxin. The Configuration and Communication of Integrated Substation Automation Systems[D]. Nan