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智能家居監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的設計畢業(yè)論文(專業(yè)版)

2025-08-09 04:39上一頁面

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【正文】 it should be a portable and low power consumption node. So the mobile node we designed is only as small as a mobile phone, and it is by builtin lithium ion battery power supply. In power loss, the core processor CC2530 is a low power consumption chip, when it is in the sleep mode, it only need to use less then 1uA work current. In order to reduce power consumption as much as possible on the display, a 100*32 pixel matrix with no backlighting LCD screen was used. The battery’s capacity of the mobile node is 1500mAh, so it is enough to meet the miner’s long hour works in the underground. The battery charge management chip is TP4057, the maximum charge current can up to 500Ma.The mobile node circuit includes the gas concentration sensor and temperature sensor PT1000. As far as we know, many wireless sensor platforms use the digital type sensor. The munication between the digital sensor and the MCU need strict timing requirements. But considering the actual application, the wireless MCU usually has a realtime operating system in general, if we use the microputer to simulate the strict timing, it will affect the realtime of whole operating system. These two sensors output analog signals not digital signals. Only input this signal into a differential amplifier, can we get an appropriate signal that can be converted to a digital signal by an ADC mode within the CC2530 chip. In order to facilitate the carrying, external antenna was not used in our mobile node, instead of using a patch antenna. And we customize a shell like a cell phone size??偨Y(jié)Zigbee無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡是基于Zigbee協(xié)議的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡,是Zigbee協(xié)議與傳感技術的結(jié)合,是應用性非常強的技術,它具有耗資小、安裝方便、維護和更新費用低等優(yōu)勢,非常適合于對布線困難、人員不能到達的區(qū)域和一些臨時場合的狀況進行遠程監(jiān)控,如大型建筑的健康狀態(tài)監(jiān)控、空間探索、災害預測等,它在當前我國環(huán)境監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中有著巨大的應用潛力的。測試結(jié)果:采樣正常,數(shù)據(jù)可靠。每個不同類型的傳感器構(gòu)成一個單獨的節(jié)點,液晶顯示當前環(huán)境下溫度(℃)、濕度(%RH)和煙霧強弱。為更好利用傳感器的性能,需要調(diào)節(jié)可調(diào)電阻Rp恰當?shù)腞L值。 家居環(huán)境參數(shù)采集模塊 數(shù)字溫濕度傳感器DHT11DHT11數(shù)字溫濕度傳感器是一款含有已校準數(shù)字信號輸出的溫濕度復合傳感器。微處理器和無線通信模塊采用支持Zigbee協(xié)議,大大簡化了射頻電路的設計。而在本系統(tǒng)中,通過濕度傳感器對濕度信息的采集,再經(jīng)由PC的處理后,對加濕器進行控制,即可達到科學明了地控制室內(nèi)的濕度。Zigbee設備對象的主要功能如下:(1)初始化網(wǎng)絡層、應用支持子層和安全服務層;(2)發(fā)起或響應綁定請求;(3)在網(wǎng)絡內(nèi)部發(fā)現(xiàn)設備,并且確定為此發(fā)現(xiàn)的設備提供的應用服務種類;(4)定義設備在網(wǎng)絡中的各種角色,如,終端設備、路由器或協(xié)調(diào)器;(5)從終端的應用來收集各個配置信息來確定和執(zhí)行發(fā)現(xiàn)管理、網(wǎng)絡管理、安全管理和綁定管理等;(6)在網(wǎng)內(nèi)各個設備之間建立起安全又可靠的關系。Zigbee應用層有三個不同的部分分別是:應用支持 (Application Support Sub1ayer,簡稱APS)子層、Zigbee設備對象 (Zigbee Device Object,簡稱ZDO)和制造商定義的應用對象。網(wǎng)絡層管理實體則是利用網(wǎng)絡層數(shù)據(jù)實體完成一些網(wǎng)絡的管理工作,并且網(wǎng)絡信息庫(NIB)理是網(wǎng)絡層管理實體完成的。它的超低功耗也使得在應用中兩節(jié)普通AAA干電池即可使用6個月至2年的時間,這也是Zigbee的最大的一個優(yōu)勢;(4)網(wǎng)絡容量大。Zigbee的名字主要來源于蜜蜂通過跳ZigZag形狀的舞蹈來傳遞所發(fā)現(xiàn)的食物的位置、距離和方向等信息,一只一只的傳遞下去,此種技術與蜜蜂的這種通信方式相類似。確定了使用頻段,最高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速度達 ,和紅外技術相比,藍牙有著較高的傳輸速率,而且不需要像紅外線那樣進行口對口的連接才能傳輸數(shù)據(jù),所有的藍牙終端基本上只要在有效的范圍內(nèi)使用,就隨時可以進行連接收發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)。(3)系統(tǒng)可擴展性差。 智能家居環(huán)境監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的特點無線環(huán)境監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)擁有全面、可靠的環(huán)境信息采集分析能力。在這個系統(tǒng)中,人們可以獲得實時的居住環(huán)境信息,如溫度和濕度、各種有害氣體的濃度、光照強度、火災信息等。(1)系統(tǒng)布線麻煩。這個訪問節(jié)點通過無線信號將信息傳到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上,一般覆蓋到200米以內(nèi)。受蜜蜂的這種特殊的通信方式的啟發(fā),Zigbee技術的研究也主要是在低速率、低功耗通信領域進行應用,亦可以低成本地嵌入各種設備中組成龐大的網(wǎng)絡。其設計的網(wǎng)絡自己組織性能使網(wǎng)絡各個節(jié)點在無需人工干預的情況下自己組網(wǎng)并實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)娜蝿?,當添加或去除網(wǎng)絡中某個節(jié)點時,其余節(jié)點可以自行尋找其他節(jié)點替代中轉(zhuǎn)信息,具有較強網(wǎng)絡自愈能力;(2)成本低。 Zigbee協(xié)議分析 網(wǎng)絡層(NWK)Zigbee網(wǎng)絡層的主要功能就是確保Zigbee的MAC層(IEEE )正常工作,同時定義了一些必須的函數(shù),并且為應用層提供適合的服務接口。(6)路由發(fā)現(xiàn):具有發(fā)現(xiàn)并且記錄傳送信息的網(wǎng)絡路由的能力。ZDO描述了應用框架層的應用對象的網(wǎng)絡功能和應用對象的公用接口用以控制設備。家庭中的每個房間可以多放幾個這樣的類似節(jié)點,可實現(xiàn)在同一個房間進行多點的溫度信息采集,以提高溫度測量的準確度。根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的需要,傳感器節(jié)點應具備以下功能。運行模式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換時間短進一步確保了低能源消耗。VC 則是用于測定與傳感器串聯(lián)的負載電阻(RL)上的電壓(VRL)。液晶顯示接線如下圖410所示。長時間運行程序并檢查芯片工作情況與工作狀態(tài)(溫度、電壓等)。 展望在本次設計中,盡管達到了設計的要求,但系統(tǒng)比較簡單,可移植性差,在外部環(huán)境復雜的實際生活中實用性不大。 they are using Zigbee protocol for wireless transmission of data. Because the fixed node is also using wireless data transmission method, so it39。s life. Currently most widely used orientation method is GPS satellite positioning, it is a high precision, allweather and global multifunctional system with the function of radio navigation, positioning and timing. But the GPS positioning method is not suitable for the underground work environment of coal mine, once you enter the underground, it cannot receive satellite signal, thus unable to achieve targeting. We need to consider how to use wireless network to realize positioning function, means using wireless signal between the munications of devices for positioning. The existing distance measuring technology between the wirelessdevices basically is the following kinds of methods: TOA, TDOA, AOA and RSSI. About the TOA method, the distance between the two devices is determined by the product of the speed of light and transmission time. Although the precision of this method is accurate, but it require a precise time synchronization, so it demand hardware is higher.TDOA technology need ultrasonic signal,which is setting on a node with receive and transmit function. When measure the distance, it can sent ultrasonic wave and wireless signals together. By measuring the difference between two signals arrival time, we can calculate the distance between two devices. Using this method can also obtain accurate result, but the method need to increase ultrasonic sending and receiving device on the node circuit, it will increase cost.AOA technology needs to install multiple antennas through the nodes so it can obtain adjacent nodes’ signals on deferent directions. With this it can determine the location information from number of adjacent nodes and calculate its own position. This method not only need to add additional hardware, but also it39。本設計采用了Zigbee技術實現(xiàn)無線網(wǎng)絡的搭建。(3)人界操作界面程序測試:多次重復操作按鍵菜單,設置各個系統(tǒng)參數(shù),查看程序是否跑死,分析是否有bug。Zigbee無線通訊協(xié)議程序流程圖如圖51所示。 圖45 煙霧傳感器電路圖圖46 報警電路圖 CC2530通訊CC2530具有一個IEEE 。因此該產(chǎn)品具有品質(zhì)卓越、超快響應、抗干擾能力強、性價比極高等優(yōu)點。溫度傳感器DHT11煙霧傳感器5V電源LCD 128*64 CC2530上位機圖41 硬件系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)框圖 系統(tǒng)電源電路電源管理是對電源電壓調(diào)節(jié)和分配,為其他各模塊提供可靠和正常工作的電壓。當系統(tǒng)檢測到煙霧濃度大于用戶設定是初值時,PC會立即發(fā)送報警信號到報警裝置或者是家庭成員的手機或直接報警,PC在啟動報警裝置的同時,或可以自動控制開窗,以達到室內(nèi)空氣流通的效果,保證家庭成員的安全。其中,傳感器節(jié)點通過無線技 術與協(xié)調(diào)器進行信息的交換;協(xié)調(diào)器則通過串口 進行相連通信。(1)APSME通過APSME服務接入點(APSMESAP);(2)APSDE通過APSDE服務接入點(APSDESAP)。(2)生成網(wǎng)絡層的協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)單元(NPDU):通過增加一個適當?shù)膮f(xié)議頭,網(wǎng)絡層數(shù)據(jù)實體從應用支持層協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)單元中生成網(wǎng)絡層的協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)單元。歐洲使用868MHz,美國則使用915MHz頻段,但這些均是免申請頻段,可以直接使用;
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