【正文】 命名原則C+——特征方程c——波速, m/s D——分支或堆積直徑, m f——摩擦因子， 英國定義通過Darcy Δh=4fLu2/2Dg g——重力加速度, m/s2 K——損失系數(shù)L——管長, m p——壓力, N/m2 t——時間, s u——空氣速度, m/s x——距離, mγ——比熱率Δh——水頭損失, m Δp——壓力差, N/m2 Δt——時間間隔, s ρ——密度, kg/m3目錄命名原則――瞬時氣壓的控制和抑制。s and 300s. Fig. 5 illustrates the air pressure profile from the stack base in both stacks 1 and 4 at 在過去20年里，吸氣閥（AAVs）的發(fā)展給設(shè)計師提供了一種緩解瞬時負壓的方法，如在隨機的潔具排水過程中，吸氣閥有助于系統(tǒng)中水力條件的恢復(fù)。s and sinks. 10. Conclusion—viability of a sealed building drainage and vent systemThe simulation presented confirms that a sealed building drainage system utilizing active transient control would be a viable design option. A sealed building drainage system would offer the following advantages: ? System security would be immeasurably enhanced as all highlevel open system terminations would be redundant.? System plexity would be reduced while system predictability would increase.? Space and material savings would be achieved within the construction phase of any installation.These benefits would be realized provided that active transient control and suppression was incorporated into the design in the form of both AAV to suppress negative transients and variable volume containment devices (PAPA) to control positive transients. The diversity inherent in the operation of both building drainage and vent systems and the sewers connected to the building have a role in providing interconnected relief paths as part of the system solution. The method of characteristics based finite difference simulation presented has provided output consistent with expectations for the operation of the sealed system studied. The accuracy of the simulation in other recent applications, including the accurate corroboration of the SARS spread mechanism within the Amoy Gardens plex in Hong Kong in 2003, provides a confidence level in the results presented. Due to the random mode of operation of building drainage and vent systems further simulations, laboratory and site investigations will be undertaken to ensure that the concept is wholly viable. 32中文譯文：密封的建筑排水系統(tǒng)和通氣系統(tǒng)——活性氣壓的瞬變控制和抑制摘要由于通過成對的吸氣閥和正壓衰減器與管網(wǎng)中的立管互相連接能控制和抑制活性氣壓瞬變，因此在綜合樓中采用密封的建筑排水系統(tǒng)和通氣系統(tǒng)被認為是一個可行的提議。本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻及譯文文獻、資料題目 ： Sealed building drainage and vent systems文獻、資料來源 ： 國道數(shù)據(jù)庫文獻、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期 ： 院 （部）： 市政與環(huán)境工程學院專 業(yè) ： 給水排水工程班 級： 水工122姓 名 ： 楊濤學 號 ： 20120411048指導(dǎo)教師 ： 譚鳳訓(xùn)翻譯日期 ： 山東建筑大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻及譯文外文文獻：Sealed building drainage and vent systems—an application of active air pressure transient control and suppressionAbstractThe introduction of sealed building drainage and vent systems is considered a viable proposition for plex buildings due to the use of active pressure transient control and suppression in the form of air admittance valves and positive air pressure attenuators coupled with the interconnection of the network39。l volume. At that point the PAPA will pressurize and will assist the airflow out of the network via the stacks unaffected by the imposed positive sewer transient. Note that as the sewer transient is applied sequentially from stacks 1–4 this pattern is repeated. The volume of the high level PAPA, together with any others introduced into a more plex network, could be adapted to ensure that no system pressurization occurred. pressure profile in stack 1 and 2 during the sewer imposed transient in stack 2, 15s into the simulation. volume and AAV throughflow during simulation.The effect of sequential transients at each of the stacks is identifiable as the PAPA volume decreases between transients due to the entrained airflow maintained by the residual water flows in each stack. 9. Trap seal oscillation and retentionThe appliance traps connected to the network monitor and respond to the local branch air pressures. The model provides a simulation of trap seal deflection, as well as final retention. Fig. 11(a,b) present the trap seal oscillations for one trap on each of the stacks 1 and 2, respectively. As the air pressure falls in the network, the water column in the trap is displaced so that the appliance side water level falls. However, the system side level is governed by the level of the branch entry connection so that water is lost to the network. This effect is illustrated in both Fig. 11(a) and (b). Transient conditions in the network result in trap seal oscillation, however at the end of the event the trap seal will have lost water that can only be replenished by the next appliance usage. If the transient effects are severe than the trap may bee totally depleted allowing a potential cross contamination route from the network to habitable space. Fig. 11(a) and (b) illustrate the trap seal retention at the end of the imposed network transients..(a) Trap seal oscillation, trap 2. (b) Trap seal oscillation, trap 7.Fig. 11(a), representing the trap on pipe 2, illustrates the expected induced siphonage of trap seal water into the network as the stack pressure falls. The surcharge event in stack 1 interrupts this process at 2s. The trap oscillations abate following the cessation of water downflow in stack 1. The imposition of a sewer transient is apparent at 12s by the water surface level rising in the appliance side of the trap. A more severe transient could have resulted in ‘bubbling through’ at this stage if the trap system side water surface level fell to the lowest point of the Ubend. The trap seal oscillations for traps on pipes 7, Fig. 11(b) and 15, are identical to each other until the sequential imposition of sewer transients at 14 and 16s. Note that the surcharge in pipe 1 does not affect these traps as they are remote from the base of stack 1. The trap on pipe 20 displays an initial reduction in pressure due to the delay in applied water downflow. The sewer transient in pipe 19 affects this trap at around 18s. As a result of the pressure transients