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東北石油大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 5 第 3章 提出防止中國上市公司管理者的不良會計行為建議 實際上,管理者是不是有意或無意的不良會計行為,在實踐中不容易分辨。所有這些都直接影響到對 會計信息 質(zhì)量 。 工作中的一些公司的 職責(zé) 分離是不明確的,造成會計 人員 歪曲會計信息,一些公司的內(nèi)部會計控制制度是照搬別人的設(shè)計,并不適用于他們進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)和管理的特點和要求,一些企業(yè)對外商投資的可行性研究是不東北石油大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 2 夠的,企業(yè)決策失誤, 導(dǎo)致 風(fēng)險提高和金融形勢嚴(yán)峻 。標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 的 會計實務(wù)提供真實 和 完整的會計信息,滿足各種需求。 general ledger and subsidiary ledger duties。 some pany’s accounting staff is not equipped well, accounting methods are not suitable for the unit, making accounting disorder and inefficient. Second, the accounting process is less standardized Mainly include: managers39。 some panies’ internal accounting control system is designed by copying others, does not apply to their characteristics and requirements for production and management。它也提出了防止中國上市公司管理者的不良會計行為的建議,通過提高工作效率和上市公司會計信息質(zhì)量,來 維護(hù)利益相關(guān)者的利益,并為資本市場提供良好的環(huán)。分析表明,管理 者 是財務(wù)報告舞弊的最根本 的主體 ,是財務(wù)報告舞弊的真正根源。一方面,各類管理人員擁有不同的智力 、能力 、 性格 、 氣質(zhì) 、 態(tài)度 、 價值觀,以及 對 會計理論和方法 的不同程度的了解;另一方面,它不可能為管理者充分掌握和綜合應(yīng)用會計知識, 同時 會計理論是一個動態(tài)的發(fā)展過程,各種會計守則的行為和金融法規(guī) 隨著社會的進(jìn)步 不斷 的在 改變 。 首先,管理者有意的不良會計行為涉及各種手段。促進(jìn)他們?yōu)榱伺c會計發(fā)展理論,會計準(zhǔn)則和會計法律法規(guī),從而高度重視會計基礎(chǔ)工作建設(shè),不斷提高公司的規(guī)章制度,加強(qiáng)會計人員的在職培訓(xùn)。例如:六公司累計制造營業(yè)收入 為 億日元。 因為 有限理性的存在, 在 管理者的知識 、 能力和經(jīng)驗 存在局限性。 然后 ,會計過程 不 規(guī)范,主要包括: 管理者 無意的選擇不適用 的 會計政策,造成 賬目 混亂,會計處理不規(guī)范,導(dǎo)致不匹配的財務(wù)報告和財務(wù)活 動, 因為 有關(guān)信息使用者的經(jīng)濟(jì)決策需要會計信息是不是真實地反映了公司的運作。我們把企業(yè)中,管理者參與會計的行動和表現(xiàn)稱為管理者會計行為。 ensuring separation of inpatible duties, such as: authorization to execute a particular transaction and executing duties。東北石油大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) I Managers’ Bad Accounting Behaviors of Listed Companies in China Abstract Managers’ unintentional or intentional bad accounting behaviors will result in poor quality of accounting information of listed panies, making a great extent to interfere with investors, causing confusion in the capital market, is not conducive to reflect the performance management responsibility. Research on Managers bad accounting behaviors of listed panies is of great significance to improve management, optimize the allocation of social resources. This paper respectively discusses the manifestation and the causes both of managers’ unintentional and intentional bad accounting behaviors. It also puts forward remendations to prevent managers’ bad accounting behaviors of listed panies in China, so as to safeguard the interests of stakeholders and provide good environment for capital market by improving the efficiency and accounting information quality of listed panies. Key words: Bad accounting behaviors。 on the other hand, creditors and investors may be led to poor decisions, their interests may be bruised, and reduce the efficiency of allocating resources in capital markets. The Causes of Managers’ Intentional Bad Accounting Behaviors Overall, as the agent of listed panies managers’ objective function is inconsistent with shareholders’ who is the principal, the relation between managers and stakeholders is also plex. Because managers get far more and earlier corporate information than other accounting information users, and the outsiders such as the shareholders, creditors weakly supervise the insiders the managers which allows managers to actually control the enterprise, when conflict between various parts interests happen, the managers have the opportunity and the ability to engage accounting fraud so as to achieve their own interests (WANG, 2020). Specific analysis on the reasons for managers accounting fraud is as following: 3. RECOMMENDATIONS TO PREVENT MANAGERS’ BAD ACCOUNTING BEHAVIORS I N CHINA’ S LISTED COMPANIES Actually, it is not easy to distinguish unintentional managers’ bad accounting behaviors from intentional ones in practice. But managers can do this themselves. To awaken managers’ social awareness of consciously reducing bad accounting behaviors, suggestions followed are respectively proposed in terms of two types of managers’ bad accounting behaviors. Suggestions on Keeping away from Managers’ Unintentional Bad Accounting Behaviors Strengthen the Continuing Education on Management Through a variety of job training, study tours outside the listed panies, further education and teachinghimself, we can expand the manager’s professional knowledge and skills, develop their good habits of thinking and behavior, promote them to keep up with the developments of accounting theory, accounting standards and accounting laws and regulations, attach great importance to the construction of basic accounting work, continuously improve the pany’s rules and regulations, strengthen the accounting staff inservice training, then accounting standards can be gradually, steadily improved and accounting plays an real important role in the management of listed panies. Perfect the System of Internal Accounting Controls and Strictly Implement it 東北石油大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) VII The priority to sound system of internal accounting controls and strict implementation of it is to make managers pay more attention to internal accounting controls, then consciously strengthen the internal audit system which includes these actions: setting up the internal audit institution led by the board of supervisors and audit the daily operations of accounting, guaranteeing a high degree of independence of supervisory staff。 因此,上市公司會計信息質(zhì)量在很大程度上取決于管理者的行為 。 但事實上 , 一些上市公司會計基礎(chǔ)工作 仍 有薄弱環(huán)節(jié) , 最突出的是 : 一些公司的會計人員素質(zhì)不高,導(dǎo)致會計任意,程序不清楚,錯誤嚴(yán)重,會計數(shù)據(jù)丟失 ; 一些公司的會計人員也沒有配備 齊全 ,會計處理方法 也 不適合單位, 造成 會計的 阻礙 和低效。 至于會計, 要選擇 適當(dāng)?shù)臅嬚吆秃侠淼淖R別 、 計量和報告會計要素 ,就要求管理者應(yīng)該熟悉當(dāng)前的金融法規(guī)和會計準(zhǔn)則,具有豐富的實踐經(jīng)驗,積極創(chuàng)新意識,敏銳的眼光和足夠的專 業(yè)能力判斷。 其次,上市公司管理者有意的不良會計行為涉及金額巨大。隨著會計準(zhǔn)則逐步、穩(wěn)步提高,管理者在上市公司會計工作,才能起到真正重要的作用。從表 1 我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn), 41家上市公司達(dá)到了 7 大類 127 種欺詐手段之多,平均每處罰的公司采用 3 種以上會計造假方法。通過 上述 3 種 表現(xiàn) 形式 ,我們分析了 管理者 無意 的 不良會計行為的 如下 原因: 在會計核算工作的組織 中 ,當(dāng)經(jīng)理設(shè)計會計組織形式 , 應(yīng)考慮諸多因素 。 本文 分別 討論 了管理者 無意和有意的不良會計行為 的 具體表現(xiàn),分析其原因,并提出建議 , 提高 上市公司管理水平和會計信息質(zhì)量。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 不良會計行為;管理者;上市公司;會計信息質(zhì)量 東北石油大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文