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混凝土外文翻譯---淺談混凝土的施工過程中溫度與裂縫控制-其他專業(yè)(專業(yè)版)

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【正文】 防水混凝土一般在垂直方向不留置施工縫,在主樓與裙樓之間設(shè)了后澆帶,垂直方向的施工縫在接縫部位設(shè)置膨脹性橡膠止水帶或鋼板止水帶。嚴(yán)格控制模板間的縫隙大小,超過 2 mm 的必須用海綿條塞縫 ,對于板面多孔的模板一律不用,同時做好墻柱爛根防治工作,采取根部貼海綿條,底部抹水泥砂漿,澆筑混凝土前,先注入同標(biāo)號的水泥砂漿由于防水混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)壁厚大多較薄,為保證構(gòu)件的幾何尺寸,常采用內(nèi)外螺栓拉接的措施,需要注意的是,應(yīng)在拉接螺栓中間設(shè)置止水鐵板,以防止水沿著螺栓滲漏,形成引水通路。 控制溫度的措施如下: ( 1)采用改善骨料級配,用干硬性混凝土,摻混合料,加引氣劑或塑化劑等措施以減少混凝土中的水泥用量; ( 2)拌合混凝土?xí)r加水或用水將碎石冷卻以降低混凝土的澆筑溫度; ( 3)熱天澆筑混凝土?xí)r減少澆筑厚度,利用澆筑層面散熱; 為保證混凝土工程質(zhì)量,防止開裂,提高混凝土的耐久性,正確使用外加劑也是減少開裂的措施之一。 關(guān)鍵詞 混凝土;溫度應(yīng)力;裂縫;控制 混凝土在現(xiàn)代工程建設(shè)中占有重要地位。而在今天,混凝土的裂縫較為普遍,在橋梁工程中裂縫幾乎無所不在。例如使用減水防裂劑,筆者在實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出其主要作用為: ( 1)混凝土中存在大量毛細(xì)孔道,水蒸發(fā)后毛細(xì)管中產(chǎn)生毛細(xì)管張力,使混凝土干縮變形。 4. 2 鋼筋制作與綁扎 防水混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)對鋼筋有如下要求: (1)鋼筋應(yīng)盡可能采用螺紋鋼筋,增加握裹力和止水能力。由于施工縫是防水結(jié)構(gòu)的一個薄弱環(huán)節(jié),施工中應(yīng)專人負(fù)責(zé),精心操作,確保施工質(zhì)量。應(yīng)盡量少留或不留,當(dāng)混凝土澆筑受到設(shè)備或支模條件的限制時,則可在征得設(shè)計單位的同意后,在規(guī)定部位留置水平施工 縫,一般留在底板以上 200 mm 處的豎壁上工程中采用新工藝 —— 膨脹性橡膠止水帶處理施工縫的方法,取代常用方法,諸如企口式施工縫、高低式施工縫、平口施工縫等。 施工方法 如下: 4. 1 模板制作與安裝 由于防水混凝土特別強(qiáng)調(diào)密實(shí)性,所以對模板的制作和安裝也相應(yīng)提高了要求,即要求密實(shí)不漏漿,堅固不變形,吸水性要小,宜優(yōu)先選用竹膠板模板或鋼模板。溫度應(yīng)力主要是外界氣溫變化所引起,這些應(yīng)力與前兩種 的殘余應(yīng)力相迭加。本文通過多年的現(xiàn)場觀察,通過查閱有關(guān)混凝土內(nèi)部應(yīng)力方面的專著,對混凝土溫度裂縫產(chǎn)生的原因、現(xiàn)場混凝土溫度的控制和預(yù)防裂縫的措施進(jìn)行等進(jìn)行闡述。盡管我們在施工中采取各種措施,小心謹(jǐn)慎,但裂縫仍然時有出現(xiàn)。增大毛細(xì)孔徑可降低毛 細(xì)管表面張力,但會使混凝土強(qiáng)度降低。 (2)鋼筋接頭應(yīng)盡量采用焊接接頭,盡量少用和不用綁扎接頭。采用止水鋼板時不得有漏焊,采用橡膠止水帶在接長時務(wù)必要將接頭用專用膠水粘貼牢固可靠。 4. 5 施工縫作法 施工縫是防水結(jié)構(gòu)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)之一。 施工質(zhì)量控制 結(jié)合 經(jīng)驗 ,對模板的設(shè)計、制作安裝、鋼筋綁扎、混凝土澆筑及養(yǎng)護(hù)等關(guān)鍵工序的操作要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了闡述,并介紹了成型后混凝土的質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以降低工程造價,具有很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效益。 ( 3)晚期:混凝土完全冷卻以后的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時期。s best to adopt to solder connection , stop using and being needless to bind connection to the full. (3) when binding a reinforced bar, the iron wire head responds to inner bending. (4) strict control reinforced bars protective layer thickness. The concrete stirring and mixing makes and transports Since the waterproof concrete requires that higher closely knit , reason why stir and mix system also need to have the fairly good homogeneity , should be ready for burning as follows almost for this purpose. (1) ensures that mixing time , mixing at every time are secondary jump into a expect the general ejection of pact block of wood less than 2 mins. (2) should use the apposition agent , the solution queen who should manufacture certain thickness from apposition agent adds the mixer inner, the dried powder or high concentration solution will add an agent extra not to adds the mixer inner directly ,prevent from mixing is uneven but part concentrates, both lose the apposition agent effect, and affect concrete mass. (3) responds to the assured source of life degree having a spot test on the admeasurement concrete at the regular intervals collapsing in the process being under construction , construction is middle if Yu rains or other cause, respond to the ratio determining whose water ratio, and adjusting the position being under construction in time when change happened in sandstone moisture content. (4) project uses the modity concrete , has boundary have raised a concrete stirring mass and of all kinds effect apposition agent adulterating falls when amounts , the water ash having controlled a concrete strictly collapsing. (5) concretes concrete adopt a pump to have given handicraft , effective avoiding a concrete producing the phenomenon isolating Mi Shui and leaving out thick fluid in the process of transportation. Matters needing attention in being under construction (1) construction school assignment soft and floury is divided . (2)Achieve strictly fixed point determines the amounts of the ponents of a substance material down According to the vehicle capacities stratifying concrete altitude and the means of transport, the quantify carrying out fixed point strictly is able to go down one important ring expecting that this is to improve waterpro
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